Mulberry bark
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Morus alba       This product is the dried root bark of Morus alba L. From the end of autumn when the leaves fall to the next spring before germination, the roots are dug, scraped off the yellowish brown thick skin, opened longitudinally, stripped of the root skin, and dried in the sun.
      [properties] the product is twisted in the shape of a reel, groove or plate, with different length, width and thickness of 1 ~ 4mm. The outer surface is white or yellowish white, relatively flat, and some residual orange yellow or brownish yellow scaly thick skin; . It is light, tough, fibrous, hard to break, easy to tear vertically, and dust flies when tearing. The air is slight, and the taste is slightly sweet.
      [identification] (1) cross section of this product: phloem ray width 2-6 rows of cells; ; Fibers are scattered or in bundles, non lignified or slightly lignified; Parenchyma cells contain starch granules, and some cells contain calcium oxalate crystals. In older root bark, thick walled cell groups with stone cells are scattered, and most of the cell cavities contain square crystals.
      The powder is light grayish yellow. There are many fibers, mostly broken, with a diameter of 13-26 μ m, wall thickness, non lignified to slightly lignified. The diameter of calcium oxalate square crystal is 11 ～ 32 μ M. Stone cells are round, square or irregular in shape, with a diameter of 22-52 μ m, thick or extremely thick walls, obvious pits and pore grooves, and some of them contain square crystals. There are also thick walled cells with crystals. There are many starch grains, single round, with a diameter of 4-16 μ M; .
      (2) Take 2G of the product powder, add 20ml of saturated sodium carbonate solution, sonicate for 20 minutes, filter, add dilute hydrochloric acid to the filtrate to adjust the pH value to 1-2, stand for 30 minutes, filter, shake and extract the filtrate with ethyl acetate twice, 10ml each time, combine the ethyl acetate solution, evaporate to dryness, and add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue. As the test solution. In addition, 2G of mulberry cortex albicans reference medicinal material was taken and prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same polyamide film respectively, use acetic acid as the developing agent, develop for about 10cm, take out, dry, and view under the ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, there are two main fluorescent spots at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
      Decoction pieces
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      [identification] the same as medicinal materials.
      . This product is in irregular silk strip shape. The surface is dark yellow or brownish yellow, slightly shiny, moist, strong fibrous, and easy to tear vertically. It is light and sweet.
      [identification] (except the transverse section) is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, cold. Return to lung meridian.
      [functions and indications] relieve lung and asthma, promote diuresis and reduce swelling. It is used for lung heat, asthma and cough, edema, fullness, less urine, and puffy skin.
      [usage and dosage] 6 ～ 12g.
      [storage] store in a ventilated and dry place, damp proof and mothproof.

2、 Chemical constituents of Morus alba
Contains flavonoids: muberrin,Sangxinsu（mulberrochromene）， Cyclin, cyclo mulberrochromene [1], Morusin [2,3], cy clomorusin, compound a[3], oxydi hydromorusin [4,5], sanguinone aSanguinoneB、SanguinoneC[4，5]、SanguinoneD、Sanguinone E、Sanguinone F［6］、SanguinoneG [7]、Sanguinone H [8] ,Sangpirone a[10,21]、B、C、D[10]、Sangpirone e[10，20]、F[22]、G[23]、Sangpirone H、 I、J、K[24]、L、M、N[25]、O[26]、P[27]。 It also contains mulberrofuran a [15], B [16], C [10], K, N, o[17], m[18], p[19], q[20], umbelliferone,Scopoletin Pavilion（scopoletin）[28]， Morin a[29] and acetylcholine analogues with antihypertensive effect [30].

3、 Pharmacological effects of Cortex Mori Bunge.The pharmacological effects of Cortex Mori Bunge.The research of the pharmacological effects of Cortex Mori Bunge on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in rats and rats with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis B in mice
1. diuretic and cathartic effects Sangbaipi Decoction 2g/kg is equivalent to the crude drug amount by gavage in rabbits, and Sangbaipi water extract or n-butanol extract 300-500mg/kg is given to rats by gavage or intraperitoneal injection, both of which have diuretic effects. Urine output and sodium, potassium ions and chloride excretion increased. .
2. effects on cardiovascular system Sangbaipi Decoction and various coal soluble extracts such as water, ethanol, n-butanol or diethyl ether have different degrees of antihypertensive effects on normal dogs, rabbits, rats or hypertensive animals through intravenous injection, duodenal administration or oral administration, which are relatively long-lasting and accompanied by bradycardia. Its hypotensive effect could be inhibited by atropine or transection of both vagus nerves, but not by chlorpheniramide. However, according to other reports, the antihypertensive effect of cutting the vagus nerve on both sides or cutting the spinal cord at the 5th-6th cervical vertebrae still exists, suggesting that the extract may contain acetylcholine like substances. The antihypertensive effect of domestic mulberry white skin is stronger than that of Japanese manufacturers, but it is also more toxic. Morus alba extract can inhibit the isolated frog heart, and this effect can also be blocked by atropine. N-butanol extract 1mg/ml could significantly increase the frequency and contractility of isolated rat atrium, and then slightly inhibit it; The water extract produced mild inhibition. The extract showed contractile effect on the blood vessels of frog heart and lower limbs; It can dilate the isolated rabbit ear blood vessels and increase blood flow, which can also be blocked by atropine.
3. effect on smooth muscle dog experiment showed that 50mg/kg of n-butanol extract intravenously could significantly increase gastrointestinal activity; The water extract has no such effect. N-butanol extract 0.1mg/ml could relax the isolated guinea pig ileum and inhibit its automatic rhythmic activity. It has mild excitatory effect on gastric cardia antrum strips in rats. The extract has excitatory effect on isolated rabbit intestine and uterus.
4. effects on nervous system (1). Sedative and sedative effects: intraperitoneal injection of Morus alba water or n-butanol extract more than 50mg/kg to mice can produce sedative and sedative effects, reduce spontaneous activity, reduce tactile and pain responses, and dilate pupils.
(2) Anticonvulsant effect n-butanol or water extract of cortex albicans can slightly inhibit the onset of electric shock in mice, but still show extensor tension. .
(3) Analgesic effect acetic acid writhing and tail pressing experiments in mice showed that the water extract had obvious analgesic effect and could increase the pain threshold. The effect of 2g/kg gavage was similar to that of aspirin 0.5g/kg.
(4) Cooling n-butanol extract has cooling effect by intraperitoneal injection in mice. However, oral administration to rats was ineffective.
(5) antibacterial effect 100% decoction has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Shigella flexneri. . It has no inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
(6) other effects can inhibit the foot swelling caused by carrageenan and dextran in rats. It has mild antitussive effect. Mulberry bark extract alone had no effect on frog dorsal muscle, but could increase the tension of frog rectus abdominis. If the above two kinds of specimens were pretreated with physostigmine, the effect of Mori bark extract was significantly enhanced, and the secretion of rabbit parotid gland was slightly promoted. .