Siraitia grosvenorii
1、       This product is the dried fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (swing) C. Jeffrey ex a. m. Lu et Z. y. Zhang, a Cucurbitaceae plant. The fruits are harvested when they change from tender green to dark green in autumn, dried at low temperature after several days of air drying.
      [properties] this product is oval, oval or spherical, 4.5-8.5cm long and 3.5-6cm in diameter. Its surface is brown, yellowish brown or greenish brown, with dark patches and yellow pubescence, and some have 6-11 longitudinal lines. There are style scars at the top and fruit stem scars at the base. It is light, brittle, thin and easy to break. The pulp (mesocarp and endocarp) is spongy, light brown. The seeds are oblate, mostly, about 1.5cm long and 1.2cm wide; light red to brownish red, slightly concave in the middle of both sides, with radial grooves around and grooves on the edge. It is light and sweet.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is brown. The stone cells in the pericarp are mostly in groups, yellow, square or ovoid, with a diameter of 7-38 µ m, thick wall, and obvious pore grooves. Seed coat stone cells are oblong or irregular, with thin walls and striated pores. The fibers are long fusiform, 16-42 µ m in diameter, with large cell cavities and obvious wall pores. . Parenchyma cells are irregular and have striated pores.
      (2) . Another 1g of Momordica grosvenorii reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take the reference substance of Momordica grosvenorin V and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 µ l of each of the above three solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use n-butanol ethanol water (8:2:3) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, spray 2% vanillin in 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 15.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).          
      The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 30.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Acetonitrile water (23:77) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 203nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the V peak of Momordica grosvenorin.
      Preparation of reference solution   .
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.5g of this product powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of methanol precisely, close the stopper, weigh it, heat and reflux for 2 hours, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake it well, and filter it. Accurately measure 20ml of the continuous filtrate, recover the solvent to dryness, add 10ml of water to dissolve it, pass through the macroporous adsorption resin column AB-8 (inner diameter is 1cm, column height is 10cm), elute with 100ml of water, discard the water, elute with 100ml of 20% ethanol, discard the eluent, elute with 100ml of dilute ethanol, collect the eluent, recover the solvent to dryness, dissolve the residue with mobile phase, transfer it to a 10ml volumetric flask, add mobile phase to the scale, and shake well.
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 µ l of the control solution and 10 µ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the dry product, the content of Momordica grosvenorin V (c60h102o29) shall not be less than 0.50%.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet and cool. .
      [functions and indications] it can clear away heat and moisten the lungs, soothe the throat and open the voice, smooth the intestine and relieve constipation. It is used for lung heat and dry cough, pharyngeal pain and aphonia, intestinal dryness and constipation.
      [usage and dosage] 9 ～ 15g.
      [storage] put it in a dry place to prevent mold and moth.


2、 Chemical constituents of Siraitia grosvenorii
The fruit contains non sugar sweet components, mainly triterpenoid glycosides:Mogroside V（mogroside)andMogrosideⅣ[1-3], the sweetness of glycoside V is 256-344 times that of sucrose (srcross), the sweetness of glycoside IV is 126 times that of sucrose, and without glycoside IV, it is not sweet [4]; SecondaryD-Mannitol（D-mannitol)， Its sweetness is 0.55-0.65 times that of sucrose [5]. It also contains a large amount of glucose [6], and fructose accounts for 14%[4].11-o-mogroside V（11-Oxomogroside V），11 oxo momordoside I（11-Oxomogroside I），11-o-mogroside IIIE（11-Oxomogroside IIIE），Siraitin（Grosvenorine），Isosiraitoside V（Isomogroside V），mogroside IVa（Mogroside IVa），Mogroside III（Mogroside III），Mogroside II A2（Mogroside II A2），Mogroside III A1（Mogroside III A1），Mogroside IIIE（Mogroside IIIe），Mogroside ive（Mogroside IVe），Mogroside VI（Mogroside VI），Momordica grosvenoril（Mogrol），Siraitin IE1（Mogroside I E1），Mogroside IIE（Mogroside II E），Mogroside II B（Mogroside II B），Mogroside III A2（Mogroside III A2），Momordoside I A1（Mogroside I A1），Mogroside II A1（Mogroside II A1），Neomogroside（Neomogroside）。 It also contains 26 inorganic elements such as manganese, iron, nickel, selenium, tin, iodine, molybdenum [7], protein, vitamin C, etc. The seed kernel contains 41.07% oil, and the fatty acids in the base are linoleic acid, oleic acid,palmitic acid（palmitic acid)， Stearic acid, palmitoleic acid,Myristic acid（myristic acid)， Lauric acid, decanoic acid [7].

3、
1. antitussive effect: D-Mannitol has antitussive effect. It can also be used for brain edema. It can improve blood osmolality and reduce intracranial pressure. The dehydration effect is stronger than that of urea and lasts for a long time. It can also be used for edema of large-area burns and scalds, prevention and treatment of acute renal failure and reduction of intraocular pressure, treatment of acute glaucoma, and sweet food or seasoning instead of sugar for diabetic patients.
. It can antagonize the tetanic contraction of intestine caused by acetylcholine or barium chloride, and make the intestine relax and spasmolysis; It also has an antagonistic effect on intestinal relaxation caused by epinephrine, so that the intestinal tract can resume spontaneous activity. The results showed that Siraitia grosvenorii health tea had a bidirectional regulating effect on intestinal motility.
3. other effects: Siraitia grosvenorii fitness tea has no effect on the gastric bioelectricity of normal rabbits, that is, it does not affect the normal digestive tract motor function. Momordica grosvenorii fitness tea had no significant effect on blood pressure and electrocardiogram in anesthetized dogs by gavage.