frankincense
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of frankincense       This product is the resin exuded from the bark of Boswellia Carterii birdw. and Boswellia bhaw dajiana birdw. of the olive family. It is divided into Somali frankincense and Ethiopian frankincense, and each kind of frankincense is further divided into frankincense beads and original frankincense.
      [properties] this product is in the form of long oval drop emulsion, quasi round particles or irregular lumps with different sizes. . The surface is yellowish white, translucent, covered with yellowish white powder, and the color deepens after long-term storage. It is brittle and softens when exposed to heat. The broken surface has glassy or waxy luster. It has a special aroma and slightly bitter taste.
      [identification] (1) this product is oily, black smoke and fragrant when burning; Add water to grind into white or yellowish white emulsion.
      (2) Somali frankincense   Take an appropriate amount of volatile oil under [content determination] and add absolute ethanol to make a solution containing 2.5mg per 1ml as the test solution. Take another α - pinene reference substance and add absolute ethanol to make a solution containing 0.8mg per 1ml as the reference solution. ; The initial temperature was 50 ℃ for 3 minutes, and the temperature was raised to 200 ℃ at the rate of 25 ℃ per minute for 1 minute; The injection port temperature was 200 ℃, the detector temperature was 220 ℃, and the split ratio was 20:1. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 7000 according to the peak of α - pinene. Take 1 µ l of the reference solution and 1 µ l of the test solution respectively and inject them into the gas chromatograph. The chromatographic peak of the test solution shall be consistent with the retention time of the chromatographic peak of the control solution.
      Ethiopian frankincense   Take octyl acetate control sample and add absolute ethanol to make a solution containing 0.8mg per 1ml as the control solution. .
      [check] impurities   .
      [content determination] take 20g of this product, weigh it accurately, and determine it according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204 a method).
      The volatile oil content of Somali frankincense shall not be less than 6.0% (ml/g), and that of Ethiopia frankincense shall not be less than 2.0% (ml/g).
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] vinegar frankincense   Remove the frankincense and stir fry it according to the vinegar roasting method (general rule 0213) until the surface is bright.
      5kg vinegar per 100kg frankincense.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, bitter and warm. Homing, liver and spleen meridians.
      [functions and indications] activating blood circulation to settle pain, reducing swelling and generating muscle. .
      [usage and dosage] decoct soup or add pills or powder, 3-5g; apply appropriate amount externally, and adjust and apply at the end of research.
      [note] pregnant women and those with weak stomach should use it with caution.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents of frankincense
Frankincense contains 60% - 70% resin, 27% - 35% gum and 3% - 8% volatile oil. The main component of the resin is freea-Frankincense acid，β - mastic acid（a，β-boswellic acid）33％， 13.5% of bound frankincense fatty acid; ,3-o-acetyl - α - olibanc acid（3-O-acetyl-α-boswellic acid），3-acetyl-11-keto - β - olibanc acid(3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid), o-acetyl-a-frankincense acid, 3,4-duan-wusu-12-en-3-hydroxy acid, epilupeol acetate, epilupeol and tirucallol,11 keto mastic acid（11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid）； The gum is 20% of calcium salt and magnesium salt of Arabic acid, and 6% of bassorin. In addition, it still contains 0.5% bitterness; The volatile oil is light yellow and aromatic, containing pinene, racemic limonene, a, β - phellandrene, a-campholenaldehyde, Cumi naldehyde, cumaldehyde, carvotanacetate, phellandral, o-methylacetophenone, carvone, carvone, perilla aldehyde, Youge Zoysia ketone (Eucarvone), 1-acetyl-4-isopropenyl cyclopentene, Piperitone, nopinone, cryptone, Verbenone, γ - campholenaldehyde,Platycladione（thujone）， Myrtenic acid, 4-p-menth-4-en-3-one, 3,6,6-trimethylnorpinan-2-one, Myrtenal, 2,4-dimethylace-tophenone, pinocamphone, isopropylidenecyclohexane, a-amyrenone, 11 oxy 11-keto-a-amyrenone, 5-hydroxy-6-p? 5-hydroxy-p-menth-6-en-2-one, 10-hydroxy-4-cadi-nen-3-one.

3、 Pharmacological action of frankincense
1. analgesic effect: the mouse hot plate method proved that frankincense volatile oil has analgesic effect, and the residue after extracting the volatile oil is invalid. .
2. anti inflammatory and anti-corrosion effect: frankincense can promote the increase of multinucleated white blood cells, engulf dead blood cells and cells, improve metabolism, and thus play an anti-inflammatory role.

3-O-acetyl-α-boswellic acid