Old crane grass
1、 Laohe herbal classic standard       This product is the dry aboveground part of Geranium stephanianum willd., Geranium wilfordii maxim., or Geranium carolinianum L., the former is often referred to as "Geranium wilfordii", the latter two are often referred to as "Geranium brevifolium". The fruits are harvested when they are nearly mature in summer and autumn, bundled into bundles, and dried in the sun.
      [character] Geranium wilfordii   The stem is 30 ～ 50cm long and 0.3 ～ 0.7cm in diameter, with many branches and swollen nodes. The surface is grayish green or purplish, with longitudinal grooves and sparse hairs. . Leaves opposite, with slender petioles; The leaves are curly and wrinkled, brittle and fragile, and the intact ones are pinnately cleft, and the lobes are lanceolate. The fruit is oblong, 0.5 ～ 1cm long. The persistent style is 2.5 ～ 4cm long, and looks like a stork beak. Some of them are split into five petals and are coiled in a spiral shape. The air is weak and the taste is light.
      Geranium brevifolium   The stem is thin and slightly short. Leaf blade round, 3 - or 5-lobed, lobes wider, margin notched. The fruit is spherical, 0.3-0.5cm long. The style is 1-1.5cm long, and some 5-lobes curl upward in an umbrella shape. The leaves of Geranium wilfordii are palmately 5-7 deep split, and the lobes are strip-shaped, and each lobe is 3-5 deep split.
      [identification] the leaf surface of this product: ganniuermiao   The vertical wall of the upper epidermal cells is nearly straight or slightly curved, with a few wavy bends. Single cell non glandular hairs are more common, upright or curved, with small warty protrusions on the wall. The glandular hair is less, the head is single-cell, quasi round, and the stalk is 1-4 cells. The mesophyll contains calcium oxalate clusters. The vertical wall of the lower epidermal cells is wavy and curved, and the stomata are mostly indeterminate, and inequalities are rare.
      Geranium   The vertical walls of the upper and lower epidermal cells were wavy and curved, and the lower epidermal cells sometimes showed Beaded thickening. Non glandular hairs are unicellular, hard conical, and base swollen. The glandular hair has an oval head and many single cells in the stalk.
      Geranium wilfordii   Calcium oxalate cluster crystals were occasionally seen in mesophyll. The glandular hair has an oval head and many single cells in the stalk.
      ; Not more than 2% (general rule 2301).
      Moisture   Not more than 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   Not more than 10.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 18.0%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove residual roots and impurities, wash slightly, cut into sections, and dry.
      This product has irregular sections. The stem surface is grayish green or purplish with swollen nodes. The cut surface is yellowish white and sometimes hollow. . The fruit is oblong or spherical, and the persistent style looks like a stork beak. The air is weak and the taste is light.
      [inspection] (except impurities) is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, bitter and peaceful. It belongs to the liver, kidney and spleen meridians.
      [functions and indications] dispel wind dampness, unblock meridians, and stop diarrhea. It is used for rheumatic arthralgia, numbness and contracture, muscle and bone soreness, diarrhea and dysentery.
      .
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents of Euphorbia oldhamiana
1. the whole grass of Kadsura angustifolia contains volatile oil, and the main components in the oil areGeraniol（geraniol）， Also containsquercetin Quercetin) and other pigments.

2. Geranium herb containsGeranium（geraniin）2.2％， Dry leaves contain 9.5% Geranium tannin,Hyperin（hyperin）0.21％。

3. the whole Siberian Geranium herb contains scyllo inositol, kaempferol,quercetin （quercetin）， Protocatechuicacid,gallic acid（gallicacid）， Kaempferol-7-a-l-rhamnoside, ellagicacid, kaempferol-3, 7-a-l-dirhamnoside, kaempferitrin, brevifolin, Cori lagin and a new component ethyl brevifolincarboxylate.

4. Nepalese Geranium herb containsGeraniumIt also contains kaempferol-7-rhamnoside and kaempferol, and fresh leaves are rich in ellagicacid.

3、 Pharmacological effects of agrimony
1. heifer seedlings:
  1.1. antibacterial effect: the whole herb decoction has obvious inhibitory effect on catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, b-streptococcus, pneumococcus, etc. in the test tube
  1.2. antiviral effect

2. Nepal Geranium:
  2.1. antibacterial effect
  2.2. antidiarrheal effect
  2.3. other functions:
    2.3.1. coagulation
    2.3.2 expectorant
3. wild geranium:
  3.1. bacteriostatic effect: the decoction has inhibitory effect on 1:256 pairs of Staphylococcus aureus, 1:32 pairs of Shigella flexneri, 1:16 pairs of Shigella sonnei, and 1:8 pairs of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by tube dilution method.

4. Geranium wilfordii:
  4.1. bacteriostatic effect: Geranium wilfordii whole herb decoction has obvious inhibitory effect on human catarrhal coccus, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Streptococcus B, pneumococcus, etc. in the test tube
  4.2. other functions:
    ;
    4.2.2. effect on gastrointestinal tract: low dose can inhibit spontaneous activity of rats
    4.2.3. purgative effect: it has purgative effect when it is close to the lethal dose.
    4.2.4. diuretic effect: low dose Po has mild diuretic effect on rats.