Kansui
1、 Standard of Kansui Pharmacopoeia       This product is the dried root of Euphorbia kansui T.N. Liou ex t.p. Wang, a Euphorbiaceae plant. Before flowering in spring or after withered stems and leaves in late autumn, they were dug, peeled and dried in the sun.
      [properties] the product is oval, long cylindrical or bead shaped, 1-5cm long and 0.5-2.5cm in diameter. The surface is white or yellowish white, and there is brown skin residue in the depression. It is brittle and easy to break. The section is powdery, white, and the wood is slightly radial texture; The fiber of the long cylindrical shape is stronger. The flavor is slightly sweet and spicy.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is white. The starch grains are many, single spherical or hemispherical, 5-34 μ m in diameter, umbilical punctate, crevicular or stellate; The compound granule is composed of 2-8 fractions. The nauplius ducts contain yellowish fine particles. . The ducts with marginal pits are more common, often accompanied by fiber bundles.
      (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 10ml of ethanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of ethanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. . Then take the Euphorbia dienol reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of each of the above three solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use petroleum ether (30 ～ 60 ℃) - acetone (5:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. Place them under sunlight and ultraviolet light (365mn) respectively for inspection. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots or fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the reference medicinal material and the chromatogram of the reference sample.
      [check] moisture   .
      Total ash   Not more than 3.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), using dilute ethanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 15.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   ; Acetonitrile water (95:5) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 210nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 8000 according to the euphorbiacol peak.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take a proper amount of Euphorbia dienol reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 2G of the product powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of ethyl acetate precisely, close the stopper, weigh it, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 50KHz) for 40 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, use ethyl acetate to make up the lost weight, shake it well, filter it, accurately measure 10ml of the continuous filtrate, evaporate it to dryness, add methanol to dissolve the residue, transfer it to a 10ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, shake it well, and then get it.
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of Euphorbia dienol (c30h50o) shall not be less than 0.12%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] raw kansui   Remove impurities, wash and dry.
      [character], [identification], [inspection], [extract], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      Vinegar kansui   Remove the kansui and stir fry it according to the vinegar roasting method (general rule 0213).
      30kg vinegar per 100kg kansui.
      This product is shaped like kansui, and its surface is yellow to brownish yellow, and some spots can be seen. It has a slight vinegar aroma and tastes slightly sour and spicy.
      [identification], [inspection], [extract], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold; Toxic. .
      [functions and indications] drain water and drink water, reduce swelling and disperse nodules. It is used for edema and fullness, hydrothorax in chest and abdomen, accumulation of phlegm and drink, cough and asthma due to Qi inversion, adverse defecation, wind phlegm epilepsy, carbuncle, swelling and sores.
      [usage and dosage] 0.5 ～ 1.5g. After processing, add it into the pill powder. Suitable for external use, raw use.
      ; It should not be used with licorice.
      [storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.


2、 Chemical constituents of Euphorbia kansui
The root contains γ -euphorbol (Euphol), also known asEuphorbia dienol（euphadienol，a-euphol）， Euphorbol (a-euphorbol, euphorba dienol, euphorbol), tirucallol (kanzuiol), also known as 20 epieuphorbol, 20 deoxygenin genol, 20 deoxygenin-3-ben-zoate, 20 deoxygenin-5-ben-zoate,ingenol（ingenol）， 3 - (2,4-decadienoate) - 20 acetate [ingenol-3- (2,4-decadienoate) - 20 acetate], 13 oxygeninol, 13 oxygeninol-13-dodecanoate-20-acetate, kansuininea, B, kansuiphorin a, B, C D. . Still containpalmitic acid（palmiticacid），Citric acid（citricacid）， Oxalic acid, tannin, resin, glucose, sucrose, starch, vitamin B1, etc.

3、 Pharmacological action of Kansui
1. purgative effect:
2. diuretic effect:
3. induction of labor
3.1. anti early pregnancy effect in mice
3.2. termination effect of Kansui on mid pregnancy of mice
3.3. effect of Kansui on the second trimester pregnancy of rabbits
3.4. effect of Kansui on uterine contraction.The effect of Kansui on uterine contraction in rats with uterine bleeding and uterine bleeding in rats with uterine bleeding and uterine bleeding in rats with uterine bleeding and uterine bleeding in rats with uterine bleeding and uterine bleeding in rats with uterine bleeding and uterine bleeding in rats
4. analgesic effect
5. the impact of processing on the irritation of Kansui: stir frying with vinegar, liquorice and tofu can reduce the irritation concentration of Kansui by 0.48, 3.9, 2.75 and 2.25 μ g / 5 μ L, respectively.
6. other effects: a small amount of raw kansui can enhance the contractility of isolated frog hearts, but does not change its frequency, while a large amount can inhibit it.