Desmodium styracifolium
1、 Guangqian herbal classic standard       This product is the dry aboveground part of Desmodium styracifolium (osb.) merr., a legume plant. Harvest in summer and autumn, remove impurities and dry in the sun.
      [character] the stem of this product is cylindrical, up to 1m long; it is densely covered with yellow extended pubescence; The texture is slightly brittle, and there is marrow in the middle of the section. Leaves alternate, leaflets 1 or 3, round or rectangular, 2-4cm in diameter; apex slightly concave, base cordate or obtuse, entire; The upper surface is yellowish green or grayish green, glabrous, and the lower surface has grayish white close fitting villi, and the lateral veins are feathery; The petiole is 1 ～ 2cm long, and the stipule is 1 pair, lanceolate, about 0.8cm long. It smells slightly fragrant and tastes slightly sweet.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish green to light green. ; The other is hook shaped, shorter, and the top is bent into a hook shape. The glandular hairs are multicellular, with 1-2 cells at the head, elongated, multicellular at the base, and swollen. Leaf epidermis cells are rectangular or polygonal, and stomata are mostly indeterminate. Calcium oxalate crystals with a diameter of 5 ～ 30 μ m often exist around vascular bundles. The pigment block is yellowish brown or reddish brown.
      (2) . Another 0.2g of Desmodium styracifolium reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take the reference substance of Chardonnay glycoside and add 50% methanol to make a solution containing 75 μ g per 1ml as the reference solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 1 μ l of each of the above three solutions, dot them on the same polyamide film, use ethyl acetate butanone formic acid (5:1:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray aluminum trichloride test solution, dry with hot air, and view under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      The total ash content shall not exceed 11.0% (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] determined by the cold leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 5.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (32:68) was used as mobile phase; .
      Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of Chardonnay reference, weigh accurately, add 50% methanol to make a solution containing 75 μ g per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution take about 0.2g of powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh accurately, place in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of 80% methanol precisely, weigh, sonicate (power 100W, frequency 40KHz) for 20 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with 80% methanol, shake well, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add an appropriate amount of 50% methanol to dissolve the residue, transfer to a 10ml volumetric flask, add 50% methanol to the scale, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
      The determination method is to precisely suck 5 μ l each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the dry product, the content of Chardonnay glucoside (c26h28o14) shall not be less than 0.13%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.
      [identification], [inspection], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, light and cool. It belongs to the liver, kidney and bladder channels.
      [functions and indications] it can promote diuresis and relieve dampness, reduce jaundice, and promote diuresis and gonorrhea. It is used for jaundice, hematuria, heat drenching, stone drenching, astringent and painful urination, and less edematous urine.
      .
      [storage] put it in a dry place.
 

2、 Chemical constituents of Lysimachia christinae  
The whole grass contains flavonoids:quercetin (quercetin)， Isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-o-gluco-side,Kaempferol(kaempferol)，Trefoil glycoside, kaempferol-3-o-galactoside(trifolin，kaempferol-3-O-galactosids)， 3, 2', 4', 6`, tetrahydroxy-4, 3` - dimethoxychalcone (3, 2', 4', 6`, tetrahydroxy-4, 3'-dimethoxychal-cone), kaempferol-3-o-lysi-machiatrioside, kaempferol-3-o-glucoside, rhamnocitrin-3, 4-diglucose, kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside, Kaempferol-3-o-rhamnoside-7-o-rhamnosyl (1 → 3) - rhamnosi de]. It also contains p-hydroxybenzoic acid (P-hydroxybenzoicacid), uracil (uridine), sodium chloride; Potassium chloride, nitrite, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (CGMP) - like substances, polysaccharides and nine elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium, nickel and cobalt. Calcium, magnesium and iron are the most abundant, and zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium, nickel and cobalt are also abundant.


3、
1. stone expelling effect: Desmodium styracifolium has cholagogic and diuretic stone expelling effects. The model test of tadpole experimental calcium oxalate kidney stone showed that the decoction of Lysimachia christinae was effective in preventing and treating tadpole experimental kidney stone. Semi open recording system for anesthetized dogs the experimental results showed that Herba Lysimachiae could cause the increase of pressure in the upper ureter, the enhancement of ureteral peristalsis, the increase of urine volume, the squeezing and impact effect on ureteral stones, and promote the discharge of ureteral stones. Calcium oxalate monohydrate is the main component of urinary calculi. The polysaccharide component in the alcohol insoluble material of Lysimachia christinae has an inhibitory effect on the crystal growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate, and the inhibitory effect increases with the increase of concentration. The inhibitory effect of normal human urine on the crystal growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate is equivalent to that of polysaccharide extracted from 1.94 × 10 (-5) g (crude drug) / ml. By conducting method, it was found that the percentage of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth inhibited by refined polysaccharide was higher than that of alcohol precipitated part of water decoction. 2. anti inflammatory effect: the intraperitoneal injection of Lysimachia christinae 50g/kg and its total flavonoids and phenolic acids 3.75g/kg significantly inhibited the increase of vascular permeability in mice caused by histamine, significantly inhibited the ear inflammation in mice caused by croton oil, and significantly inhibited the ankle swelling in rats and cotton ball granuloma in rats caused by egg white injection.

3. effect on immune system: Lysimachia christinae has inhibitory effect on cellular immunity. Rose test: the percentage of rose formation between splenocytes and sheep red blood cells of Desmodium styracifolium mice was significantly lower than that of the control group, and it was still inhibited even 10 days after drug withdrawal, and its degree was similar to that of cyclophosphamide. The inhibition of Herba Lysimachiae combined with cyclophosphamide was more obvious. Skin graft rejection: the time of skin graft rejection of mice in the herba Lysimachiae group and cyclophosphamide group was later than that in the control group, especially in the two drugs combined group. Desmodium styracifolium also has inhibitory effect on humoral rabbit plague. In immunized mice, hemolysin production was inhibited in the group taking Lysimachia christinae, and the content in serum was about 1 / 2 of that in the control group; The generation of Leptospira coagulant antibody was inhibited in the Lysimachia christinae group, and the titer in serum was generally lower than that in the control group; . Herba Lysimachiae can enhance the phagocytic function of mouse macrophages, and the percentage of phagocytic function is twice that of the control group; The phagocytic function of neutrophils was examined at different times after the injection of Staphylococcus into mice. It can be seen that the number of cells with phagocytic function in the Desmodium styracifolium group was higher than that in the control group, and it was most obvious at 4, 6, and 8 hours after the injection.

4. effects on vascular smooth muscle and human platelets: Desmodium styracifolium has a relaxing effect on vascular smooth muscle, and also has a certain inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation induced by ADP and arachidonic acid in vitro