In recent years, there have been many studies on the activity of flavonoids in Astragalus membranaceus. Pistil is the main active component of flavonoids in Astragalus membranaceus, with medium relative molecular weight and good fat solubility. Many literatures have reported that pistil has many biological activities, such as antimalarial activity, protection of vascular endothelial cells, anti hypertension, anti hyperglycemia, neuroprotection, skin whitening agent, enhancement of hematopoietic function, estrogen and treatment of leukemia. The preventive and therapeutic effects of pistil on cardiovascular disease and cerebral ischemia injury have been widely studied.
With the in-depth study of cardiovascular diseases in modern medicine, the endothelial function of blood vessels has been paid more and more attention. Vascular endothelial cells not only have the function of physiological barrier, but also can secrete a variety of vasoactive substances, which play an important role in maintaining the tension of vascular wall, the inflammatory repair of endothelial cell wall and the proliferation of blood vessels. Vascular endothelial cell damage can cause endothelial dysfunction, which is a common pathophysiological change of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart failure. Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional Chinese medicine. It has many effects, such as protecting myocardium, anti-virus, improving cardiac function, regulating blood pressure and so on. It has been found that Astragalus membranaceus can significantly reduce the level of angiotensin ⅱ. In recent years, with the continuous development of traditional Chinese medicine monomers, some studies have proved that flavonoids isolated from Astragalus have the effects of anti ischemia and improving hemogram. Some scholars have found that pistil can reverse the increased permeability of monolayer endothelium caused by hypotonic and reduce the swelling of endothelial cells, which indicates that pistil can improve the increased permeability of endothelial cells, which is similar to albumin. Pistil isoflavones can protect cardiovascular system by inhibiting Fas protein.
Cerebral ischemic injury is a complex pathophysiological process. There are many theories about its mechanism, such as excitotoxicity of amino acids, intracellular calcium overload, oxygen free radical injury, and so on. On the one hand, oxygen free radicals are necessary for physiological processes, such as the synthesis of ATP and prostaglandins, the killing of bacteria by neutrophils, and the killing of parasites by acidic neutrophils; On the other hand, excessive oxygen free radicals can damage or kill normal cells through lipid peroxidation of membrane, causing great harm to the body. Therefore, it is very important to maintain the dynamic balance of generation and elimination of oxygen free radicals in the body. Sod can disproportionate oxygen free radicals, convert half of them into H2O and the other half into O2, so as to remove free radicals; Cat can decompose H2O2 and reduce lipid peroxides to H2O and harmless hydroxyl compounds. MDA is the final metabolite of lipid peroxidation caused by oxygen free radicals. Its content reflects the degree of lipid peroxidation and indirectly reflects the content of oxygen free radicals. During ischemia-reperfusion injury, the synthesis and activity of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants decreased; At the same time, it is consumed by a large number of increased oxygen free radicals, which makes the elimination of free radicals insufficient, and finally leads to the increase of free radicals. Through experiments, it is found that pistil isoflavones can enhance the vitality of sod/cat and GSH-Px, reduce the content of MDA, effectively eliminate or resist the damage of oxygen free radicals, and protect brain cells.
A large number of studies have proved that pistil has a good protective effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart failure. It also has a protective effect on brain cells. So yesPistil isoflavoneClinical research and drug development have important application prospects.