Hyperoside widely exists in various plants, such as Hypericum, Rosaceae, Platycodon, Labiatae, azalea, sunflower, garciniaceae, Leguminosae and Celastraceae. Hyperoside, also known as quercetin-3-o-beta-d-galactopyranoside. It belongs to flavonol glycosides. The aglycone is quercetin, and the glycosyl is galactopyranose. The O atom at position 3 of quercetin is linked to the glycosyl by β - glycosidic bond. Hyperoside is widely distributed. It is an important natural product with a variety of physiological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, diuretic, cough relieving, blood pressure lowering, cholesterol lowering, protein assimilation, local and central pain relieving, and protective effects on heart and cerebral vessels. The following is a detailed introduction to the pharmacological effects of Hyperoside.
1. Hyperoside has significant local analgesic effect
The analgesic effect is weaker than morphine, stronger than aspirin, and has no dependence Known as "the third kind of analgesics", studies have found that the analgesic effect of Hyperoside is through reducing the pain nerve endings ca2 It was also found that Hyperoside could inhibit ca2-nbsp induced by high potassium; Inward flow, indicating that Hyperoside has an effect on ca-nbsp in nerve tissue; It is further suggested that Hyperoside may be ca2-nbsp; Channel blockers. Clinical observation shows that Hyperoside injection has similar efficacy to atropine in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Except for a few side effects of drowsiness, it has no common adverse reactions such as tachycardia, mydriasis and burning sensation. It is an ideal antispasmodic and analgesic drug.
2. Hyperoside has a good protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and cerebral infarction.
3. Hyperoside has obvious anti-inflammatory effect: after implantation of wool ball in rats, 20mg/kg Intraperitoneal injection for 7 days significantly inhibited the inflammatory process.
4. It has strong antitussive effect. It has a strong inhibitory effect on aldose reductase, which may be beneficial to the prevention of diabetic cataract.
5. Protective effect on myocardial ischemia
Hyperoside can reduce the myocardial apoptosis rate caused by hypoxia reoxygenation, inhibit the release of lactate dehydrogenase, increase the activity of myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduce the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), inhibit the increase of myocardial phosphokinase (CPK) in serum, and reduce the formation of oxygen free radicals and nitric oxide free radicals, so as to protect myocardium and reduce myocardial cell injury and apoptosis caused by ischemia-reperfusion.
6. Protective effect on cerebral ischemia
Hyperoside can effectively inhibit the decrease of formazan content in brain slices after hypoxia glucose deficiency reperfusion injury, increase the number of surviving neurons in the cortex and striatum of ischemic brain slices, and make the morphology of neurons intact and well distributed. Inhibit the decrease of neuronal activity induced by hypoxia glucose deprivation reperfusion injury. It inhibited the decrease of SOD, LDH and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities. Its mechanism may be related to free radical scavenging and inhibition of ca2 And the formation of anti lipid peroxides.
7. Protective effect on liver and gastric mucosa
Hyperoside has obvious protective effect on liver tissue and gastric mucosa, and Hyperoside has good therapeutic effect on hepatitis B virus, but its antiviral mechanism is still unclear. Its mechanism is related to antioxidation, promoting N0 level to return to normal and increasing SOD activity.
8. Hypolipidemic effect
Hyperoside can significantly reduce serum TC and increase hdl/tc ratio in hyperlipidemic mice, indicating that Hyperoside can reduce cholesterol, regulate blood lipids, and increase the activity of HDL and serum SOD in mice. This effect can significantly reduce the damage of superoxide free radicals to vascular endothelium in hyperlipidemia, and is conducive to the decomposition and metabolism of lipid peroxide to protect vascular endothelium.
9. Enhance immune function
10. Antidepressant effect
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) activation is a common biological change in patients with severe depression, which is manifested by excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol. Hyperoside can regulate the function of HPA axis, decrease the levels of ACTH and corticosterone, and play an antidepressant role.
11. Antioxidation
Hyperoside has a strong antioxidant effect, mainly in free radicals and reducing lipid peroxidation. Studies have shown that Hyperoside can increase the activity of myocardial superoxide dismutase, reduce the formation of free radicals and nitric oxide, and reduce the production of malondialdehyde. Hyperoside can not only protect the heart, brain and liver, but also significantly eliminate free radicals.
To sum up,HyperosideIt has a wide range of pharmacological activities and potential good application prospects, and has been paid more and more attention. However, many mechanisms are not very clear, which limits their development and utilization. Among them, its anti-oxidation and anti-injury effects are mostly studied and understood. At present, it is considered that this effect may be related to the mechanisms of scavenging free radicals and calcium antagonism. Although the anti HBV effect of Hyperoside discovered in recent years has great clinical value, its target and mechanism of action have not been reported so far. Therefore, the research on Hyperoside needs further development, so that it can be better developed and utilized as soon as possible.