Product name: Trisodium UDP-glucuronic acid
Synonym name: UDP-GlcA; Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid trisodium salt; UDPGA; Uridine-diphosphate-glucuronic acid trisodium salt
Catalogue No.: BP4236
Cas No.: 63700-19-6
Formula: C15H22N2O18P2
Mol Weight: 580.285
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound:
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
HPLC of Trisodium UDP-glucuronic acid
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
314.0600
-2.7816
-3.4232
100.5442
.3635
.0998
Low
39.4284
5.9195
No
No
No
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
No
Yes
No
Trisodium UDP-glucuronic acid (hereinafter referred to as UDP-GlcA) is an important natural product derivative and belongs to nucleotide sugar compounds. In organisms, it mainly acts as the activated form of glucuronic acid, participating in various biotransformation processes, especially key coenzymes in glycoside transfer reactions. UDP-GlcA trisodium salt plays an important role in liver metabolism, especially in the pathophysiological mechanisms of liver metabolic diseases. Its related targets such as cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP3A4), uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UGT1A1, UGT2B7), and transporters (SLC35A2, ABCC2) are closely related to their biological activity. This paper will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of UDP-GlcA trisodium salt, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and clinical application prospects, aiming to provide comprehensive reference materials for researchers in related fields.
The molecular formula of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid trisodium salt is C15H19N2Na3O17P2, with a molecular weight of 580.2850. Its structural features include a uridine nucleotide backbone connecting two phosphate groups and a glucuronic acid residue. The compound has a LogP value of -2.7816, showing strong hydrophilicity, consistent with its high solubility in aqueous solution (100.5442 mg/mL), which is beneficial for its distribution and metabolism in the body. Its topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 314.0600, indicating high polarity and difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which matches its low blood-brain barrier permeability. Additionally, UDP-GlcA trisodium salt did not show hERG channel inhibition, and the Ames test result was 0.0, indicating very low genotoxicity risk and high safety.
The trisodium salt form of this compound improves its water solubility and stability, making it easier to prepare and store. Its stable phosphodiester bonds and uridine structure enable it to effectively participate in enzymatic reactions in vivo, especially as a glycosyl donor in glucuronylation reactions, promoting the metabolic transformation of endogenous and exogenous substances.
UDP-GlcA trisodium salt, as a nucleotide sugar derivative, is mainly found in various plant cells and animal tissues, especially abundant in organs with active metabolism such as the liver and kidneys. Its natural form is mostly in a free or bound state, making it difficult to extract large quantities directly from plants. Common natural sources include cell culture systems of various higher plants and microbial fermentation products.
The extraction method mainly relies on cell fragmentation followed by multi-step separation and purification techniques such as centrifugation, ultrafiltration, and ion exchange chromatography. In recent years, the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction and membrane separation technologies has improved the extraction efficiency and purity of UDP-GlcA. Moreover, advances in genetic engineering technology have made it possible to synthesize UDP-GlcA through microbial fermentation, utilizing engineered strains to express relevant synthases and achieve industrial-scale production.
The specific process usually includes:
1. Homogenization treatment of raw material cells or tissues;
2. Protein precipitation and impurity removal;
3. Separation of UDP-GlcA via an anion exchange column;
4. Further purification and crystallization yield high-purity trisodium salt forms.
This method ensures the high purity and bioactivity of UDP-GlcA trisodium salt, providing a material foundation for subsequent pharmacological research and clinical applications.
UDP-GlcA trisodium salt mainly participates in glucuronylation in the body and is an important coenzyme for liver detoxification and metabolism. Its pharmacological activity mainly lies in regulating liver metabolic enzyme activity and promoting the metabolism and excretion of endogenous and exogenous substances, thereby protecting the liver and improving metabolic disorders.
Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that UDP-GlcA trisodium salt enhances UGT enzyme activity, promotes glucuronylation of drugs and endogenous metabolites, reduces accumulation of harmful substances, and alleviates liver cell damage. Its protective effects on hepatocytes include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mechanisms that promote hepatocyte regeneration.
UDP-GlcA trisodium salt is involved in regulating the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP3A4, affecting drug metabolism kinetics, modulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and improving pathological conditions of liver metabolic diseases such as fatty liver, liver fibrosis, and drug-induced liver injury.
Some studies indicate that UDP-GlcA trisodium salt can promote the excretion of inflammatory mediators by modulating transporters such as ABCC2, reducing liver inflammatory responses, assisting immune regulation, and reducing liver inflammatory damage.
The mechanism of action of UDP-GlcA trisodium salt mainly relies on its role as a glycosyl donor in enzymatic glucuronylation reactions, affecting the functions of various key enzymes and transporters.
CYP3A4 is the most important drug-metabolizing enzyme in the liver, involved in the oxidative metabolism of various exogenous compounds. UDP-GlcA trisodium salt regulates the expression and activity of CYP3A4, affects drug metabolism rate, reduces metabolite toxicity, and protects liver function.
UDP-GlcA is an essential coenzyme for UGT enzymes to catalyze glucuronylation reactions. UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 are the main glucuronic acid transferases, which are involved in the metabolism of bilirubin and various drugs, respectively. UDP-GlcA trisodium salt serves as the substrate, promoting UGT enzyme activity, enhancing detoxification ability, and preventing the accumulation of toxic substances.
SLC35A2 is a nucleotide sugar transporter, responsible for transporting UDP-GlcA from the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, and is a key step in glycosylation reactions. UDP-GlcA trisodium salt affects cellular glycosylation by regulating SLC35A2 function, thereby regulating protein function and cell signaling.
ABCC2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2) is an important organic anion transporter on hepatocyte membranes and is involved in the excretion of glucuronic acid conjugates. UDP-GlcA trisodium salt reduces intracellular toxic accumulation and protects liver cells by promoting the excretion of ABCC2-mediated metabolites.
In summary, UDP-GlcA trisodium salt regulates liver metabolism and detoxification processes through multi-target synergistic effects, exerting its pharmacological effects.
UDP-GlcA trisodium salt exhibited good druggability characteristics. Its molecular weight is 580.2850, making it a medium molecular weight compound with high polarity, a LogP of -2.7816, and good water solubility (100.5442 mg/mL), which is beneficial for the preparation and absorption of oral or injectable formulations.
Due to its high polarity and TPSA value, UDP-GlcA trisodium salts have difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier, limiting its role in the central nervous system, but this is beneficial for targeted liver therapy. Its distribution in the body is mainly concentrated in the liver and kidneys, with stable metabolism and excretion primarily via the kidneys and bile pathways.
The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating that UDP-GlcA trisodium salt poses no significant cardiotoxicity risk. The Ames test was 0.0, indicating no genotoxicity and relatively high safety. Preclinical toxicology studies have shown no significant toxic side effects within the usual dosage range.
As a regulator of CYP3A4 and UGT enzyme systems, UDP-GlcA trisodium salt may affect the metabolism of multiple drugs and carries potential drug interaction risks, requiring attention in clinical application.
UDP-GlcA trisodium salt, as a potential therapeutic agent for liver metabolic diseases, has broad clinical application prospects. By regulating key liver metabolic enzymes and transport proteins, it improves liver detoxification function and is suitable for adjunctive treatment of fatty liver, liver fibrosis, drug-induced liver injury, and other metabolic abnormal liver diseases.
Future research directions include:
1. Optimize formulation processes to improve bioavailability and targeting;
2. In-depth analysis of its molecular mechanisms to explore more potential targets;
3. Combining genomics and metabolomics techniques to clarify their potential applications in personalized therapy;
4. Conduct systematic clinical trials to verify their safety and efficacy;
5. Explore combined use with other drugs to enhance treatment outcomes.
Additionally, designing synthetic derivatives or analogs based on the structural characteristics of UDP-GlcA trisodium salts and developing novel liver metabolism regulators is also an important direction for future drug development.
Uridine diphosphate and trisodium glucuronate salt, as a key natural derivative, play a central role in liver metabolism and detoxification. Its excellent physicochemical properties and safety make it a strong candidate in the field of liver metabolic disease treatment. By systematically reviewing its chemical structure, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, and druggability, this paper provides a theoretical foundation for in-depth research and clinical development of this compound. In the future, with technological advances and deeper research, UDP-GlcA trisodium salt is expected to become a novel drug for treating liver metabolic diseases, offering patients new treatment options.
