pick To:Covid-19（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19）Clinical practice since the outbreak has proved that China's traditional Chinese medicine prevention and control measures and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment have effectively controlled the epidemic. As of2020year3month6Chinese medicine participated in the treatment of confirmed cases for nearly6Wan, cured and discharged2Wan. In the critical period, the frequency of ginseng use accounted for56.41%According to the classification of ginseng compound, ginseng compound or single combination antiviral drugs, ginseng extract and ginsenoside, the recent30.
Ginseng is one of China's specialty and precious medicinal materials, and is known as "the king of herbs and the chief of herbs". 《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》2015. For thousands of years, ginseng has been known as the "king of Tonifying Qi". As the holy medicine for tonifying vitality and Qi, ginseng is widely used in the clinical treatment of various diseases, and the ways of medication are also different. The most common method of syndrome differentiation and treatment under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine is that people participate in the symptomatic treatment of other traditional Chinese medicines, and they have thousands of years of clinical treatment experience. A large number of modern studies have proved that ginsenosides, the active components of ginseng, mainly have anti-tumor effects[1-3], antiviral[4], immune enhancement[5], reducing bloodsugar[6-7], myocardial protection[8], anti liver fibrosis[9-10], analgesia[11-12]Equivalent efficacy.
Various human and animal diseases caused by virus infection are one of the ways to threaten life safety. Many human and animal diseases and even deaths caused by virus outbreaks have been recorded at all times and in all countries. from2019Since the end of the year, outbreaks ofCovid-19（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19），Novel coronavirus（SARS-CoV-2）It is highly infectious. Some severe cases will rapidly develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and it is difficult to correct metabolic acidosis, bleeding and coagulation dysfunction. If the condition cannot be alleviated in time,It will lead to the death of the patient, and there is no specific drug for the time being[13]The key to solve the problem is to formulate a systematic diagnosis and treatment plan in the prevention and control measures, and it is more important to combine scientific medication with advanced medical technology. The National Health Commission has also formulated a detailed TCM syndrome differentiation treatment plan for this disease[13]。Some areas are treated with traditional Chinese MedicineCOVID-19, both of which achieved good curative effects[14-16],National Health CommissionOfficially releasedCOVID-19According to the diagnosis and treatment plan (trial version 6), ginseng has always been responsible for the important task of "restoring Yang and rescuing adversity". For critically ill patients, the traditional Chinese medicine prescription with ginseng as the ingredient is recommended[17]The diagnosis and treatment plan for covid-19 (trial version 7) was published in2020year3month3Recommended for use8Chinese patent medicine varieties, including6Included countriesHome health insurance[18]Among them, Shenfu injection, Shengmai injection and Shenmai injection are all classified as gutuo Chinese patent medicines and contain ginseng, which has the effect of Supplementing Qi. Clinically, different preparations are given according to different syndrome characteristics[19]According to different regions of the countryCOVID-19The data compiled by the TCM diagnosis and treatment scheme shows that in the critical period, ginseng is used very frequently in the use of prescriptions, Chinese patent medicine and drug compatibility. In the drug distribution, ginseng accounts for56.41%[20]According to this, this paper reviewed the research progress of ginseng prescription, ginseng and its effective components in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases by consulting Chinese and foreign literatureCOVID-19And provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.
1 Antiviral effect of ginseng compound prescription
Under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, the anti-virus characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine compound are to select the corresponding traditional Chinese medicine according to the etiology and pathogenesis of the virus. Ginseng, as a single herb in the anti-virus compound, mainly exerts the effect of strengthening the body and eliminating pathogenic factors. （RSV）, SARS（SARS）The symptoms caused by viruses are classified as exogenous high fever according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Exogenous high fever arises from the exogenous six evils and the evil of epidemic toxin. Its pathogenesis is "heat when Yang prevails". The invasion of external pathogens, the healthy qi of the human body fights with it, and the healthy and evil compete in the body, resulting in the disorder of the Qi mechanism of the Zang Fu organs, the imbalance of yin and Yang, and the hyperactivity of Yang Qi; Or heat and poison fill the body, and high fever occurs when Yang Qi is too high[21]. chenguangkun et al[22]Collected prescriptions recorded in ancient books6950First, based onExcel2010Conduct association mining for drugs. . Qianyufan et al[23]Use Baidu powder (notopterygium root, bupleurum, Peucedanum praeruptorum, Fructus aurantii Immaturus, ginseng, etc.) to replenish qi and relieve exterior symptoms for treatment37exampleRSVInfected patients with pneumonia, total effective rate94%。
SARSCompared with the pneumonia caused by the above two types of respiratory viruses, it has the characteristics of higher mortality. Liyoutian et al[24]Prevention of ginseng herb soupSARSThe results of the study conducted showed that the1 498No patients withSARS. but not those in the prevention group7People, accounting for1.41%。
AIDS（AIDS）Is caused by human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）It causes infectious diseases that seriously affect human health, and traditional Chinese medicine believes that infectionHIVThe basic pathological feature of the disease is that the Yin and Yang of Qi and blood in the five zang organs are damaged. Because "the spleen is the pivot of all the Zang organs", the virus first damages the spleen, which is the acquired foundation, the biochemical source of Qi and blood, the spleen is damaged, and the transportation and chemical functions are abnormal[25]. wangdanni et al[37]Analysis of the law of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for AIDS based on complex network diagram, discovery and treatmentAIDSGinseng ranks No4The core prescriptions were Buzhong Yiqi Decoction[26-28], Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction and Shenling Baizhu powder[29-36].
Coxsackie virus toBgroup3（Coxsackie virus B3，CVB3）It is the most common. The myocarditis caused by it will develop into chronic inflammation or dilated cardiomyopathy. Traditional Chinese medicine mostly belongs to the categories of "warm toxin", "palpitation", "palpitation" and "chest pain". In addition, it is also associated with sweating syndrome, asthenia, sudden death, etc[38]At present, there are only capsule preparations composed of American ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus, Schisandra chinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Paeonia suffruticosa, semen Raphani, wangbuliuxing and other drugs to treat myocarditis with traditional Chinese medicine compound[39]. songlili et al[40]The therapeutic effect and mechanism of Shensong Yangxin capsules (sangsheng, shanzhuying, semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Euonymus japonicus, Pinus koraiensis, Coptis chinensis, ginseng, etc.) on acute viral myocarditis were studied. The results showed that the compound could enhance the antiviral ability of the body by regulating the expression of inflammatory factors. Jianglimin et al[41]Objective to study the effect of Xiaochaihu Decoction (bupleurum, Scutellaria, ginseng, pinellia clear, licorice, ginger, jujube) on the enzyme histochemistry of cardiomyocytes in vitro viral myocarditis model. The results showed that the compound could induce the production of interferon in cardiomyocytes, improve myocardial contractility, and improve cell metabolism. Caohongxin et al[42]The results of the study on the prevention and treatment of viral myocarditis by Yiqi Yangyin compound, which is composed of Astragalus membranaceus, Ophiopogon japonicus, baishen and liquorice, showed that Yiqi Yangyin compound was effective in preventingCVB3. In addition, xuezhixiang[43]Summarized and reported the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on viral myocarditis50Ginseng is a typical case among the cases, and the compound preparation contains ginseng, which plays a role in tonifying the Middle Kingdom, replenishing qi, strengthening the spleen and enhancing immunity.
（hepadnaviridae，HBV）[44]In the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B, Shenmai injection and Shengmai injection are clinically used to achieve the purpose of resisting liver cell damage, promoting liver cell growth and improving liver function. The former contains red ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus, while the latter contains ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus, Schisandra chinensis, etc[45]. Zhang Yueli et al[46]This paper introduces song's method of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and believes that this disease is mainly due to the love of positive deficiency and evil, the lesion is in the spleen and kidney, supplemented with dampness, and treated with a compound containing ginseng50Cases of hepatitis B patients, treatment group and control groupHBsAg、HBeAg、HBsAg-IgMThe negative conversion rate was significantly different（P<0.05、0.01）。
Rotavirus（Rotavirus，RV）It is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in infants and young children to infect human body, causing damage to small intestinal epithelial cells and inducing diarrhea, fever and other symptoms. Jiaozhenling[47]The study found that Zisheng Jianpi Decoction Combined with ginseng Jianpi tablets had better curative effect on rotavirus infectious diarrhea. Shenling Baizhu powder has been proved to have a certain anti rotavirus effect in vitro, which mainly plays a role by directly inactivating rotavirus and inhibiting the biosynthesis of rotavirus[48]。
In conclusion, the antiviral effect of ginseng compound mainly stems from the data analysis of the therapeutic effect of various clinical cases. The results showed that the effective rate of the treatment group of ginseng compound was higher than that of the control group. Most ginseng compounds are from the "Taiping Huimin Heji Bureau prescription"[49]、《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》[50]. Ginseng (red ginseng, American ginseng) is often used as the main drug (monarch drug) in the compound. Such as ginseng herb decoction, Shenfu, Shengmai and Shenmai injection, Shenling Baizhu powder and ginseng Jianpi tablets. The main effects are heat clearing and detoxification, tonifying the middle and Qi, nourishing yin and spleen, activating blood circulation and unblocking collaterals, etc. The ginseng compound, composition, efficacy and source for preventing and treating the above viral diseases are shown in table1。
2 Antiviral effect of ginseng in combination of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
In the treatment of viral diseases, simple western medicine treatment sometimes induces side effects, so the trend of single traditional Chinese medicine or compound prescription combined with treatment is gradually rising. At present, in the reported literature, ginseng, especially Korean red ginseng, has been used for clinical treatment in many cases, and some of them are in the laboratory research stage. 20 (R)-GinsenosidesRg3, ginsenosidesRg5, ginsenosidesRg6、20 (R)-GinsenosidesRh1、20 (S)-GinsenosidesRh1、20 (S)-GinsenosidesRh2etc.[55]Therefore, compared with ginseng, red ginseng has stronger antitumor activity[56], antithrombotic[57], anti-aging[58], anti fatigue, improve body immunity[59].
For respiratory viroids, Zhang Xianda[60]Microwave physiotherapy combined with ginseng Schisandra decoction was given to children with refractory pneumonia caused by virus or bacteria. The total effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group（P<0.01）。Kimetc.[61]Study found that red ginseng and vitaminsCIncreased human peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMC）And natural killer（NK）CD25andCD69Expression of. Their co treatment reduced theBCBL-1Cell viability and lytic gene expression in. In the absence of synthetic vitaminsCOfGulo（−/−）In mice, red ginseng and vitaminCAddedNKp46（NKNatural cytotoxic receptors of cells) and stimulated the expression of interferon（IFN）-γGenerated, enhancedTCells andNK.
In the treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and Western MedicineAIDS,Sungetc.[62]Analyzed the46nameHIV-1Of infected patientsCD4+TCell count, viral load, and response toHAARTOf drug-resistant mutations. It was found that acceptanceHAARTplusKRGIn the combination groupCD4+TThe annual increase of cell count was significantly higher than that of simpleHAARTTreatment group（P＜0.05）. This indicates that after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy（HAART）It is clinically effective to take Korean red ginseng during this period.
For myocarditis caused by Coxsackie virus, Gao Yufeng et al[63]The effect of Shengmaiyin (ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus, Schisandra chinensis) combined with total flavonoids from stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on viral myocarditis mice was observed5The survival rate of mice in the Shengmaiyin treatment group, Shengmaiyin and total flavonoids were compared1∶1Liquid treatment group, Shengmaiyin and total flavonoids1∶2The survival rates of the fluid treatment group and the positive drug ribavirin control group were50%、79%、67%、33%(control group25%）; Shengmaiyin treatment group vs1∶1Compared with the treatment group, the difference was significant（P＜0.05），1∶1Fluid treatment group and1∶2There were significant differences between the liquid treatment group and the positive drug control group（P＜0.05）. Shengmaiyin treatment group vs1∶1The myocardial pathological score of mice in the liquid treatment group was significantly lower than that of the virus control group（P＜0.05）. This proves that the combination of Sheng Huang has the effect of antagonizing the virus, and the ratio of the two is1∶1. Chen Kai et al[64]The treatment of viral infection with integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (oral administration of Sishen Fumai Decoction on the basis of Western medicine therapy)myocarditis62Cases were treated with simple western medicine combined therapy (intravenous injectionATP, coenzymeA, vitaminsC, potassium chloride needle, etc.) treatment46Cases were the control group, and the data showed that the total effective rate of the treatment group95.16%The total effective rate of the control group was82.61%There was significant difference between the two groups（P＜0.05）. Tongqitian[65]Interferon plus astragalus injection, ginseng, Sophora flavescens, Pueraria lobata and other traditional Chinese medicine preparations were treated with the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. The data showed the significant efficiency of the treatment group77.94%, efficiency95.59%, significantly better than the control group（P＜0.05）。
For hepatitis B caused by hepatitis B virus,Choietc.[66]The efficacy of red ginseng combined with antiviral drugs in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B was discussed. The data showed that the non-invasive fibrosis serological indicators of the experimental group were decreased, and hyaluronic acid was observed after treatment（P＝0.032）And transforming growth factorβ（P＝0.008）There are significant differences. [67]Mangankang pill (Radix Bupleuri, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, Radix Astragali, Fructus aurantii Immaturus, Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, Radix Glycyrrhizae, turtle shell, ginseng, Radix Paeoniae Alba, etc.) and xinfunuo and external application were used to treat the disease40Example. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine lamivudine capsules and conventional liver protection treatment. The total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were92.5%and77.5%（P＜0.05）. Haodalin et al[68]take76exampleCHBPatients were randomly divided into observation group39Cases and control group37The control group was treated with paroxetine, while the observation group was additionally treated with shiweixihuangcao granules or Renshen Jianpi pills according to different TCM syndromes. The data showed that after treatment24、48Week observation group serumHBV-DNA（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）. Zhaoshengzhen et al[69]The experiment found that entecavir combined with self-made traditional Chinese medicine prescription containing ginseng has a good curative effect on the treatment of qi deficiency syndrome caused by decompensated viral hepatitis B. Indicators such as TCM symptom score, liver thicknessPCThe score of Ⅲ was lower than that of the control group（P＜0.05）, and will not cause adverse reactions.
Rotavirus is the main pathogen causing autumn diarrhea in children, Vitex[70]The therapeutic effect of Sijunzi Decoction on the basis of conventional treatment was investigated in clinic. The results showed that compared with the conventional treatment group, the antidiarrheal time and hospitalization time of patients in the combined Sijunzi Decoction treatment group were significantly shorter, and the curative effect was significantly improved（P＜0.05）。
The research of ginseng in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases in the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has the characteristics of diversity of means. Ginseng can be used alone or in combination with physical means or chemical drugs to prevent and treat viral diseases. The research results of the clinical application of different means and combined methods show the changes of various internal indicators and external diseases and different degrees of effectiveness (table2）。
3 Antiviral effect of ginseng extract
Traditional Chinese medicine dialectical thinking stresses the whole, and takes "monarchs, ministers and envoys" as the principle of prescription formation. Very few single herbs are used to treat certain diseases. . Ginseng mainly stimulates interferon and reduces the expression of inflammatory factors in the anti-virus effect, playing the effect of enhancing immunity. See the table for the effects and mechanisms of different viruses3。
4 Antiviral effect of ginsenosides.The study of ginsenosides in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and its mechanism of action on the pathogenesis of hepatitis B and its mechanism of action on the pathogenesis of hepatitis B and its mechanism of action on the pathogenesis of hepatitis B and its
Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng, which are tetracyclic triterpenoid dammarane type compounds and can be divided into Panaxadiol type (ginsenosidesRb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rc、Rd、Rg3、Rh2Et al.), and Panaxatriol type (ginsenosidesRe、Rg1、Rg2、Rh1Et al.).
In recent years, there are more and more reports on the anti-virus effect of ginsenosides, which also proves that ginsenosides can exert broad-spectrum anti-virus effect by directly killing virus, interfering with the signal transduction pathway of infected cells, blocking the process of virus infection and other mechanisms.
4.1 Ginsenosides against influenza virus
Caojie et al[82]Discussion on panaxadiol saponin and interferon mixture（IFN-PDS）To mice infected with pulmonary influenza virusTThe results of lymphocyte function influence showed that,IFN-PDSrightTLymphocyte function has a bidirectional regulatory effect. On the one hand, it can increase the self proliferative reactivity of splenic lymphocytes in mice infected with influenza virus, on the other hand, it has a positive effect on concanavalinAThe induced proliferation reactivity of spleen and thymocytes was inhibited.
4.2 Ginsenoside antiH9N2Subtype Swine Flu
Liubaojian et al[83]Discussion on ginsenosides through observationRb1The ability and mechanism of antagonizing viruses that mainly attack the lungs. The results showed that,Rb1It has the effect of scavenging free radicals in lung injury tissue induced by virus and reducing the oxidative damage of free radicals to lung tissue.
4.3 Ginsenoside antiH3N2Influenza A virus
Zhangchunjing et al[84]The results showed that ginsenosidesRg1andRb1By reducing the amount of virus-infected cellsROSProduction levels, reducing oxidative stress sensitive signaling pathwaysNn-cBandAP-1And repress their downstream target genesIL-8Expression.Songetc.[85]The study evaluated ginsenosidesReInactivation of cleavageH3N2Adjuvant effect of influenza virus antigen induced immune response in mice. The results showed that ginsenosidesReCan significantly improve serum specificityIgG、IgG1、IgG2aandIgG2bResponseHITiters, lymphocyte proliferation responses, andIFN-γandIL-5Secretion of.
4.4 Ginsenosides against respiratory syncytial virus
Chengmiao et al[86]applicationHPLC/MSAnalysis of the main components of ginseng total saponins and its drug serum showed that it was similar to that of uninfectedRSVOfHEp-2Cell group comparison, virus control group after infection24、48、72 h IFN-αThe levels of other inflammatory cytokines were increased; After infection in the total ginsenoside group, theIFN-α、IL-1β、IL-8、TLR3andTLR7Levels were all decreased. TLRsRelevant cellular inflammatory factors, inhibit the cellular inflammatory response and then play a role in treatmentRSV.
4.5 Ginsenosides against herpes simplex virusⅠtype（HSV-I）
Chenbaohong et al[87]Clinical observation found that the effective rate of Ginsenoside in the treatment of the virus disease was93.55%. lijingbo et al[88]Selected ginsenosidesRb1rightHSV-IThe protective effect of infected cells is obvious, and this protective effect may be related to the intracellularcAMPThe level of.21Century later, lipingya et al[89]The study found that,1/20～1/640Times diluted ginsenosideRg3rightHSV-IIt has inhibitory effect. Liangyuanyuan et al[90]Further study revealed that appropriate concentrations of ginsenosidesRb1Can inhibit the causeHSV-IThe abnormality of apoptosis caused by infection andNGFmRNAExpression changes of. Presumed ginsenosidesRb1Possibly through upregulationNGF mRNAIt can inhibit the expression of apoptosis and thus play an antiviral and neuroprotective role.
4.6 Ginsenosides against herpes simplex virusIItype（HSV-II）
Stephenetc.[91]Evaluated the effect of ginseng12The most relevant ginsenosides inVeroIn cells toHSV-I、HSV-IIToxic and inhibitory effects of. The results showed that,20 (S)-GinsenosidesRg3rightHSV-IandHSV-II,IC50Approx35 μmol/L. when the virus was exposed to20 (S)-GinsenosidesRg3in4 hWhen compared with the control group, the inhibitory effect was the most significant (more than100%）。
4.7 Ginsenoside antiγHerpesvirus（MHV-68）
MHV-68It is a subfamily of Herpesviridae viruses and is a tumor virus closely related to the occurrence of various cancers and related diseases[92]。Kangetc.[93]Ginsenosides were studiedRg3Isomer20 (R)-and20 (S)-GinsenosidesRg3To miceMHV-68Of antiviral activity. The results showed thatSoleanane type Rg3thanRType A is more effective in inhibiting chemically induced humanMHV-68stayEBVpositiveBC-3andKSHVpositiveRajiLytic replication in cell lines. It is presumed that its role and inhibitionp38and/orJNKRelevantMAPKSignaling pathway.
4.8 Ginsenoside antiHIV
Jeongetc.[94]Protoginsenosides were studiedRh1rightTATExpressedCHME5Cells andD3Anti cytoprotective effect of infected human primary macrophages. In lipopolysaccharide/Cycloheximide（LPS/CHX）In the presence of ginsenosidesRh1Can effectively eliminate regulatory proteins（TAT）TransducedCHME5Cells and infectionD3Of the cytoprotective phenotype of human primary macrophages and significantly suppressedLPS/CHXInducedAktPhosphorylation as well as rapamycin andBcl-2Mammalian target activation of related death promoters. In addition, ginsenosidesRh1It is also able to inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase thioamide kinase isoenzyme1（PDK-1）Phosphorylation of. GinsenosidesRh1In mithidroside（5 μmol/L）In the presence of increased expression ofHIV1TatThe anti cytoprotective activity of macrophages.
4.9 Ginsenosides against Coxsackie virus
Zhang Zhen et al[95]Ginsenosides were observedReWith ginsenosidesRb3Combined action in viral myocardium（VMC）VMCThe mechanism of action of ginsenosides was foundReWith ginsenosidesRb3One of the mechanisms that can reduce the degree of myocardial fibrosis and protect the myocardium is through reducing the level of peroxide in the body.
4.10 Ginsenosides against hepatitis A virus
Leeetc.[81]Study found that ginsenosidesRg1、Rb1.
4.11 Ginsenosides against rotavirus
Yangetc.[96]Adopt new10（RV）In vivo experimental model. The results showed that ginsenosidesRb2And its hydrolysates20 (S)-GinsenosidesRg3Able to inhibitRV.
4.12 Ginsenosides against Marek's virus
Fubentong, etc[97]Apply semi quantitativeRT-PCRMethods, the effects of different concentrations of ginsenosides onMSB-1cellL-meqgenemRNALevel of influence. Compared with the control group,400 μg/mLand600 μg/mLEffect of total ginsenosides of Panax ginseng72 hCan be significantly improved afterL-meqgenemRNALevel（P＜0.01）. Chu Xiuling et al[98]With ginsenosideRg3. The results showed that ginsenosidesRg3It can significantly reduce the incidence and tumor detection rate of experimental chickens, protect the immune organs of model chickens and reduce the damage of infected cells. The antiviral effect of ginsenoside and its derivatives is better than that of morpholinoguanidine hydrochloride[99-100]。
According to the above in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, different ginsenosides have definite or possible antiviral mechanisms for different virus types. For respiratory viruses andCVB3, which can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species in infected cells; ; aboutHIV, which may play a role by clearing its infected cells; For Marek's virus, it may accelerate the infection of apoptosis by increasing the intracellular gene content of the virus (table4）。
5 epilogue
COVID-19It belongs to the "plague" category of febrile diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. For the Chinese nation, which has experienced hundreds of plagues, the "treasure house" of traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated thousands of years of experience, formed a relatively mature treatment system, invented effective traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and various traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment methods, and were classified into ancient books of traditional medicine. Such as treatise on febrile diseases, treatise on Febrile Diseases and treatise on febrile diseases.
"Oxygen saturation is not enough, we need to replenish qi, and ginseng should be used more!" this is in the face of critical patients with endotracheal intubation. Xiepeilin, deputy head of the joint expert group of traditional Chinese medicine in Wuhan first people's Hospital, and liuqingquan, head of the national emergency group of traditional Chinese medicine and President of Beijing Traditional Chinese medicine hospital, discussed and formulated the three pronged emergency plan of traditional Chinese medicine (Angong Niuhuang Pill, Shenmai injection and Dushen Decoction) using ginseng decoction to greatly replenish vitality[101]Maoyilin, a professor at Hunan University of traditional Chinese medicine, said that people who are old, weak or recovering from serious diseases can take ginseng and other traditional Chinese medicines to strengthen their healthy qi. The canon of internal medicine says: "Healthy qi is stored in the body, and evil cannot be done. When evil is gathered together, its Qi will be empty." according to the Shennong materia medica classic, "ginseng is mainly used to replenish the five internal organs, calm the spirit, calm the soul, stop palpitations, eliminate evil Qi, brighten the eyes, improve intelligence, take long, light body and prolong life". According to the new edition of Materia Medica, ginseng can eliminate evil Qi in two ways: one is to remove the exogenous evil, the other is to remove the endogenous evil, and because it can help the healthy qi, it can eliminate evil as a mop up. According to the treatise on epidemic febrile diseases, ginseng has two functions: helping medicine and strengthening healthy qi. The auxiliary medicine can mainly dispel evil Qi and increase the efficacy; While supporting healthy qi is mainly realized by Nourishing Yin and body fluid, regulating stomach qi, and rescuing bad syndromes. Ginseng is recognized at home and abroad as the best product of "Invigorating Qi and blood, strengthening health and strengthening the foundation". It is not only the treasure of "healthy qi" of our Chinese nation, but also the health wealth of people all over the world. ,2020year2month14dayThe Ministry of industry and information technology has formed and published a list of key support materials (medical emergency) for epidemic prevention and control, including ginseng, Codonopsis pilosula, etc23Herbal pieces were included in the list of key materials for epidemic prevention and control.
Although the clinical practice of the new coronation epidemic once again showed the role and position of ginseng, the "king of herbs", in traditional Chinese medicine, a large number of literature studies have also proved that ginseng formulas, ginseng extracts and ginsenosides have significant antiviral effects: such as ginsenosidesRg3, the research group of Professor lipingya of Jilin University has proved that it has significant anti herpes simplex virus effect, and has obtained the funding of the major new drug creation project of the Ministry of science and technology of the people's Republic of China, and has completed the anti herpes simplex virus eye ointment preparation according to the first class of chemical drugsIIIPhase I clinical study（SFDAApproval No.:2004L04263）. However, the monomer saponins studied are still limited, ginseng soapGlycoside antibodySARS-CoV-2The study of anti-inflammatory effect of saponins has not been reported yet, and it is necessary to carry out anti-inflammatory activities from hundreds of known saponinsSARS-CoV-2The more active lead compounds or drug candidates were found. 300More than, kg preparation of newly discovered ginsenoside (yuan) from Panax ginseng and its application in anti-tumor[102-104], hypoglycemic[105-106], anti liver fibrosis[107-108]And myocardial protection[109-110]Some achievements and experience have been achieved in the field of virus research, but the research on virus has not yet been carried out. Ginsenosides have the characteristics of clear curative effect, small side effects and economical source. If we can make use of the "help" of ginseng"Zheng Quxie" and the clinical experience and research results of modern immune regulation and antiviral ancient and modern applications, combined with traditional medical methods and modern scientific and technological means, to develop safe, effective and economical innovative drugs and health products for the prevention and control of various viral diseases, will have important scientific and economic significance for the comprehensive utilization of ginseng resources and the improvement of medicinal value in China.