1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Herba Siegesbeckiae
This product is the dried rhizome of Dioscorea hypoglauca palibin, a plant of Dioscorea zingiberensis. Excavate in autumn and winter, remove fibrous roots, wash, slice, and dry.
[properties] this product is irregular thin, with irregular edges, different sizes, and thickness of about 0.5mm. Some have brown black or gray brown skin. The cut surface is yellowish white or grayish brown, and the vascular bundles are scattered in small dots. It is loose, slightly elastic and easy to break. The new section is light yellow near the skin. It tastes pungent and bitter.
. The cortex is narrow, the cells are extended in many tangential directions, the wall is slightly thickened, and the lignified parietal pits are obvious; Mucus cells scattered, containing calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles. There are scattered outer tough vascular bundles and Periphytic vascular bundles in the middle column. The parenchyma cell wall was slightly thickened with striated pores, and the cells contained starch granules. The powder of this product is yellowish white. The starch granules are round, oval or long oval, with a diameter of 5-32 μ m and a length of 40 μ M. the umbilicus is punctate or crevicular; There are a few complex grains, which are mostly composed of 2 grains. The thick walled cells are numerous, the walls are lignified, and the pore grooves are obvious. Some are similar to stone cells, polygonal, spindle or rectangular, with a diameter of 40-80 μ m and a length of 224 μ M.The cells are mainly composed of three types of cells, namely, the cells with different shapes, such as the cells with different shapes, such as the cells with different shapes, such as the cells with different shapes. The length of calcium oxalate needle crystal bundle is 64 ～ 84 μ M.
(2) . In addition, take 0.5g of the control medicinal material of P. meadows and prepare the control medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 1 ～ 2 μ l of each of the above two solutions, respectively dot on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use the lower layer solution of chloroform methanol water (13:7:2) placed below 10 ℃ as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear, and inspect them under sunlight and ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots or fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 11.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 3.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), using dilute ethanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 20.0%.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, flat. Return to kidney and stomach channels.
[functions and indications] remove dampness and turbidity, dispel wind and remove arthralgia. .
[usage and dosage] 9 ～ 15g.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place.

2、

The rhizome of Cotinus coggygria mainly containsDioscinIt also contains dioscin, diosgenin A. (the aglycones of the above saponins are all diosgenin), dioscin, yoonoside, tokenin-1-glucoside and other saponins. Diosgenin glycoside is an insecticidal component in Dioscorea japonica.

Aglycones isolated from rhizomes include:Diosgenin, 1.2% (produced in Jiangsu), 2.1% (produced in Zhejiang), 1.35% (produced in Yixing, Jiangsu); Tocogenin, 0.06% (produced in Jiangsu), 0.09% (produced in Zhejiang), 0.32% (produced in Yixing, Jiangsu); Yam sapogenin, 0.04% (produced in Jiangsu) and 0.10% (produced in Zhejiang); Yonogenin; Kagosapogenin and tigenigenin. A small amount of 25-iso-spirosta-3-5-diene was also isolated, which may be the dehydration product of diosgenin during hydrolysis. Yonogenin, tokenigenin and kagosapogenin were isolated from the aerial part.

In addition to seeds, all parts of the aboveground part contain a considerable amount of free yoonosgenin and tokenigenin. The underground part has traces of freeDiosgenin. The seeds contain tokenigenin, and almost all of its aglycones exist as saponins. Isolated from female flowersDiosgenin, yonogenin, tokenigenin, and tigenin. . The rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis contains dioscin andDioscinThe rhizomes produced in Zhejiang containDiosgenin1.03%. Dioscorea bifida rhizome containsDiosgeninAnd a small amount of yam saponin. The rhizome of Xishan in Kunming containsDiosgenin2%, starch 20.59%, crude protein 14.35%, tannin 1.3%, crude cellulose 11.6%.DiosgeninIt can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of corticosterone. containDioscin, whichDiosgenin. In addition, the melting point and infrared spectrum showed that there was yamogenin.

Sanguinea: the rhizome contains a variety of saponins, with a content of about 1.4%, mainly includingDioscin, and kaempferol saponin), kaempferol saponin, and its sapogenin is kaempferol. It also contains Yunuo saponin, synyunuo saponin, a glycoside combined with α - L-arabinose. In addition, it contains trace amounts of other steroidal saponins:Slender dioscin, diosgenin combined with two molecules of glucose and one molecule of rhamnose; Dioscin toxin A, systemDiosgeninGlycosides formed with glucose and rhamnose. It was directly obtained by hydrolysisDiosgenin1.2% - 2.1%, and 0.06% of kaempferogenin.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Herba Siegesbeckiae

1. . Dioscin, clarithalin, and other fungi (e.g., trichophytomentagrophytes). Dioscoreacaucasica, a plant of the same genus from the Soviet Union, has a therapeutic effect on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Its saponin has a cholinergic like effect, can expand peripheral blood vessels, reduce blood pressure, enhance the movement of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and can increase blood glucose, resist chemical convulsion in mice, and improve the permeability of various tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract in rats.

2. Total saponins of Herba Dioscoreae can reduce serum cholesterol. .