1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Piper eggplant
This product is the dried and mature fruit of Litsea cubeba (lour.) pers., a Lauraceae plant. The fruits are harvested when they are ripe in autumn, removed impurities, and dried in the sun.
[properties] the product is quasi spherical, with a diameter of 4-6mm. The surface is brown to dark brown, with reticular wrinkles. The base occasionally has persistent calyx and fine fruit peduncle. The hard and brittle stone, seed 1, cotyledon 2, yellowish brown, oil-rich can be seen after removing the outer skin. It is fragrant and tastes slightly spicy and bitter.
[identification] take 0.25g of this product powder, add 10ml of petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃), sonicate for 15 minutes, cool, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Another 0.25g of the control medicinal material of Piper chengeggplant was prepared into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same high-efficiency silica gel G thin-layer plate, use petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) - diethyl ether (3:2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear, and inspect them under sunlight and ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots or fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 10.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
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[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, warm. Return to spleen, stomach, kidney and bladder channels.
[functions and indications] it can dissipate cold in the middle of temperature and relieve pain by activating qi. It is used for stomach cold vomiting, abdominal cold pain, cold hernia abdominal pain, cold dampness stagnation, urine turbidity.
[usage and dosage] 1 ～ 3G.
[storage] store in a cool and dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Piper eggplant

The fruit of Piper Regium contains volatile oil and a variety of lignans. It has been divided into: Piper Regium, Piper Regium acid, Piper Regium lactone, Piper Regium brain, Piper Regium ene, bicyclic sesquimene, 1-epibicyclic sesquimene, l-hinokolide, l-piperin, l-dihydropiper Regium, l-dichloropiper Regium, l-piper Regium methyl, l-piper Regium ketone, l-piper Regium levorotatory apigenin, levorotatory isoapigenin, levorotatory platyclactone trimethyl ether, levorotatory Piper citronellone Ling lactone, 2- (3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl) -3- (3 ', 4' dimethoxybenzyl) - butyrolactone, Magnolia oleoresin, asaronin, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, O-ethyl piperin, 5-methoxyhinkgolide, dihydropiperin-4-acetate, piperonecaenoic acid A andPepper cyclohexenoic acidB， .

3、 Pharmacological effects of Piper eggplant

1. effect on smooth muscle: Piper eggplant oil can relax the isolated tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pigs, increase the pulmonary perfusion volume of guinea pigs, significantly protect guinea pigs from drug-induced asthma caused by inhalation of spasmogenic agents, and has expectorant effect on mice. The effect of citral containing part is stronger than that of aldehyde removing part. In addition, geraniol, linalool, citronellal, camphor and other components in Piper citronellae oil also have antiasthmatic effects to varying degrees.

2. bacteriostatic effect: Piper eggplant oil has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, typhoid and dysentery bacilli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In 1984, Zhou Yong and others reported that the volatile oil of Piper eggplant was a broad-spectrum antifungal drug, and its main component was citral.

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2.2. broad spectrum antimycotic agents have antibacterial effects on 9 general molds and 3 pathogenic fungi.

2.3. it is fungicidal rather than bacteriostatic.

2.4. low toxicity according to the 50% lethal dose of volatile oil of Piper chengeggplant is 3.25 ± 0.2ml/kg, which is equivalent to 65 ± 4g/kg based on crude drug calculation, and its toxicity is very low compared with the effective dose of antifungal. Tu Xinyi et al reported in 1985 that Piper eggplant oil and its four extracts had a certain inhibitory effect on nine mold strains.

3. inhibitory effect on skin allergic reaction: Piper eggplant oil can inhibit passive skin allergic reaction (PCA) in rats, protect guinea pigs from anaphylactic shock and inhibit the allergic contraction of isolated ileum of guinea pigs.

4. anti hypoxia effect of Piper eggplant oil and its drop pills: Fu shouting et al reported in 1988 that Piper eggplant oil and its drop pills can significantly prolong the survival time of mice under atmospheric hypoxia; Piper eggplant oil can also prolong the survival time of mice injected intraperitoneally with isoproterenol under normobaric hypoxia, and alleviate the poisoning of potassium cyanide and sodium nitrite.

5. antiarrhythmic effect: in 1985, zhangfengluan reported that Piper eggplant oil could reduce the incidence of chloroform induced ventricular fibrillation in mice by observing the curative effect of Piper eggplant oil on experimental arrhythmias caused by chloroform and barium chloride by continuous gavage for 3 days. . Piper eggplant oil could not significantly antagonize the arrhythmia caused by aconitine and ouabain, suggesting that its effect has a certain selectivity.