Xiqingguo
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of xiqingguo         This product is the dried young fruit of Terminalia chebula retz.
        [properties] the product is long oval, slightly flat, 1.5 ~ 3cm long, 0.5 ~ 1.2cm in diameter. The surface is dark brown, with obvious longitudinal wrinkles, one end is larger, the other end is slightly smaller, blunt, and there are fruit stem marks at the lower part. It is hard. The cross-section is brown, with colloidal luster, and the stone is not obvious. It is often hollow, and the small one is dark brown, without hollow. It is slightly bitter and sweet.
        [identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish brown. The fibers are light yellow, in bundles, and are arranged in a longitudinal and staggered manner. Sometimes the fiber bundles are connected with stone cells and lignified cells. . Calcium oxalate cluster crystals with a diameter of 5-35 µ m are scattered or arranged in rows and embedded in parenchyma cells. The cell surface of pericarp epidermis is polygonal.
        (2) Take 0.5g of the product (enucleated) powder, add 30ml of absolute ethanol, heat and reflux for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, dissolve the residue with 5ml of methanol, add it to a neutral alumina column (100-200 mesh, 5g, inner diameter 2cm), elute with 50ml of dilute ethanol, collect the eluent, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue with 5ml of water, and then pass through a C18 solid-phase extraction column, elute with 10ml of 30% methanol, discard the 30% methanol solution, elute with 10ml of methanol, collect the eluent, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue with 1ml of methanol, as the test solution. In addition, 0.5g of the control medicinal material (enucleated) of broccoli was prepared into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 4 µ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use toluene glacial acetic acid water (12:10:0.4) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear, and inspect them under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
        [check] moisture   Not more than 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
        [extract] determined by the cold leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 48.5%.
        [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, sour, astringent and flat. Return to lung and large intestine channels.
        [functions and indications] clear away heat, generate fluid and detoxify. For yin deficiency diphtheria.
        [usage and dosage] 1.5 ~ 3G.


2、 Chemical constituents of Fructus Isatidis
. The main components areChebulic acid，Terminolic acid, and contains tannin, protochebulic acid,Ellagic acidandgallic acidEt al. In addition, it also contains toxic octagonal acid,Quinic acid.

3、 Pharmacological effects of xiqingguo
1. hypoglycemic effect: in the early years, Indians once reported that Hainan Syzygium seeds could treat diabetes clinically. The experiment proved that the alcohol extract of seeds had hypoglycemic effect when orally administered to male rabbits, and its intensity was similar to that of D860 (tolbutamide) but slightly weaker. Oral administration of seed alcohol extract (taken at the same time as or 5 days after the injection of alloxan) to alloxan diabetic rats for 7-27 days can reduce blood glucose to normal, urine sugar disappears, and the phenomenon of overeating is improved. For normal rats, one intraperitoneal injection of a small amount or a large amount of the above extracts can increase blood glucose first and then decrease, while a medium amount can increase blood glucose. Daily intraperitoneal injection of a small amount can also slightly reduce blood glucose. A large amount of oral intake will not affect the blood glucose level. If it is taken orally for 3 consecutive days, the blood glucose will first rise slightly or then decrease slightly. It has significant and lasting hypoglycemic effect on dogs by subcutaneous injection of water extract, but has no effect by oral administration, and the bark extract also has no hypoglycemic effect.

. The volatile oil of leaves has antibacterial effect in vitro. The warm infusion of fruits by gavage in rabbits has a sputum activating effect (phenol red method) and no cough relieving effect in mice (ammonia spray induced cough method). The bronchial perfusion test in isolated guinea pigs showed no bronchodilator effect and no antipyretic effect in rabbits with artificial fever. Anesthetized rabbits were given 1-1.25g/kg of the infusion, which had no obvious effect on ECG within 2 hours.