Red Euphorbia
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of red Euphorbia         This product is the dried root of Rubiaceae plant Euphorbia valerianoides thorel et Pitard. Excavate in autumn and winter, remove fibrous roots, wash them, put them in boiling water and dry them.
        [properties] this product is slightly spindle shaped, occasionally branched, slightly curved, 3-10cm long, 0.6-1.2cm in diameter. The surface is reddish brown or reddish brown, rough, and has twisted longitudinal wrinkles. . It is solid, with reddish brown skin and brownish yellow wood. It tastes sweet and pungent.
        [identification] (1) cross section of this product: cork cell sequence. . The cambium forms a ring. Xylem duct bundles are intermittently arranged radially, and those near the cambium are composed of several rows of ducts, which gradually appear in a single row or scattered. The rays are wide. Mucus cells containing calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles and secretory cells containing reddish brown substances were scattered in the parenchyma.
        Powder reddish brown. Calcium oxalate needle crystals are scattered or present in bundles in mucus cells, with a length of 50-153 µ M. the ducts are mainly rimmed pits, with a diameter of 12-74 µ M. wood fibers are mostly in bundles, long fusiform, with a diameter of 16-24 µ m, and the pits are inclined to crack or herringbone shaped. The surface of cork cells is rectangular or polygonal, slightly lignified, and some cells are filled with reddish brown or brown substances. Pigment patches are scattered, light yellow, brownish yellow or reddish brown.
        (2) Take 1g of this product powder, put it in a test tube, add 10ml of water, boil it for 10 minutes, filter it, add 1 drop of sodium hydroxide test solution to the filtrate, it turns cherry red, and then add hydrochloric acid to acidify it, it turns orange yellow.
        (3) Take 0.1g of this product powder, add 1ml of methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, stand or centrifuge, and take the supernatant as the test solution. Another 0.1g of the control medicinal material of Euphorbia officinalis was prepared into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take 3-hydroxymorinda quinone reference substance and ruxidin reference substance, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml respectively as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 µ l of each of the above four solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform acetone formic acid (8:1:0.1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under the ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color are displayed at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample; After rapid immersion in sodium hydroxide test solution, the spots of the same color will appear when viewed under sunlight.
        [check] moisture   Not more than 11.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
        Total ash   Not more than 15.0% (general rule 2302).
        Acid insoluble ash   Not more than 4.0% (general rule 2302).
        [extract] according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 7.0%.
        ; Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
        Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-1% glacial acetic acid solution (75:25); The detection wavelength was 276nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the peak of 3-hydroxymorinda quinone.
        ; Take an appropriate amount of 3-hydroxymorinda quinone reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 30 µ g per 1ml.
        Preparation of test solution   Take about 1g of this product powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 20ml of methanol precisely, weigh it, sonicate (power 300W, frequency 40KHz) for 30 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
        Assay   Precisely suck 20 µ l of the reference solution and 20 µ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
        According to the calculation of dry product, the content of 3-hydroxymorinda quinone (c15h9o6) shall not be less than 0.030%.
        Luxiding   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
        Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-1% glacial acetic acid solution (60:40); .
        ; Take an appropriate amount of luxidine reference substance, weigh it accurately, add methanol to ultrasonic treatment to dissolve it into a solution containing 50 µ g per 1ml.
        Preparation of test solution   .
        Assay   Precisely suck 20 µ l of the reference solution and 20 µ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
        According to the calculation of dry product, the content of ruxidin (c15h10o5) should be 0.040% - 0.15%.
        Decoction pieces
        [processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thick pieces, and dry.
        This product is irregular oblong or round thick film. . It tastes sweet and pungent.
        [identification], [inspection], [extract], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
        [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold; There is little poison. It belongs to the lung, spleen and kidney meridians.
        [functions and indications] drain water and drink water, reduce swelling and disperse nodules. .
        [usage and dosage] 1.5 ~ 3G, take it in pill powder, 1g each time; take vinegar orally. Suitable for external use, raw use.
        [storage] store in a cool and dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents of Euphorbia officinalis
The root contained 0.12% free anthraquinone and 0.1% bound anthraquinoneDamnacanthal (damnacanthal)，Methyl isoalizarin(rubiadin)， 3-hydroxy-hydroxyorindone, knoxiadin. Also containsButyric acid(sy-ringic acid)。

3、 Pharmacological effects of Euphorbia officinalis
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2. diuretic effect: mice were gavaged with Shenghong Daheng Decoction concentrate at 80g/kg. After 2-3 hours, the urine output increased significantly.