Fritillaria ussuriensis
1、       . Excavate in spring, remove the skin, fibrous roots and sediment, and dry in the sun or at low temperature.
      [properties] this product is oblate, 0.5 ~ 1cm high and 0.6 ~ 2cm in diameter. Its surface is yellowish white to light brown, and its outer scale leaves are 2 petals, plump, similar in size or slightly large, with a slightly flat or slightly concave top, and often slightly cracked; The central scale is small. . The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is white. The single starch granule is mostly round triangular, oval, shell shaped, triangular oval, cocoon shaped, with a diameter of 6-58 (74) μ m and a length of about 67 μ M. the umbilical point is crevicular, punctate or herringbone shaped, mostly at the smaller end, and the lamina is fine and dense; There were 2 umbilicus points with rare semicompound granules; Multiple umbilical points can be seen in a single capsule, with 2-4 umbilical points. The stomata are round or oblate, with a diameter of 40 ～ 48 (50) μ m and 4 ～ 6 accessory guard cells.
      (2) Take 10g of this product powder, add 10ml of concentrated ammonia test solution and 30ml of trichloromethane, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 0.5ml of methanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. In addition, 10g of the reference medicinal material of Fritillaria ussuriensis was taken, and the reference medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 3 ～ 5 μ l of the test solution, 3 μ l of the control medicinal material solution and 2 μ l of the control solution [1], respectively, and dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, develop them with ethyl acetate methanol concentrated ammonia test solution water (10:1:0.5:0.05), take them out, dry them, and spray dilute bismuth potassium iodide test solution and sodium nitrite ethanol test solution in turn. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
      [check] moisture   .
      Total ash   Not more than 4.0% (general rule 2302).
      .
      [content determination] preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of the reference substance of peimine B, weigh it accurately, add chloroform to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml.
      ; Accurately measure 0.5ml, 1ml, 2ml, 3ml and 4ml of the reference solution, put them into 25ml volumetric flasks respectively, accurately add 5ml of 0.2mol/l potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer solution (take 100ml of 0.2mol/l potassium hydrogen phthalate solution, adjust the pH value to 5.0 with about 50ml of 0.2mol/l sodium hydroxide solution, and then add 2ml of 0.03% bromothymol blue test solution (take 0.03g of bromothymol blue, dissolve it with 0.5ml of 1mol/l sodium hydroxide solution, and dilute it to 100ml with water), and trichloromethane to the scale, shake vigorously, transfer to a separatory funnel, and place for 45 minutes. .
      ; Take about 2G of this product powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh it accurately, put it into a corked conical flask, add 3ml of concentrated ammonia test solution, soak it for 1 hour, add 40ml of chloroform methanol (4:1) mixed solution, heat it in an 80 ℃ water bath and reflux it for 2 hours, cool it, filter it, wash the drug residue with an appropriate amount of chloroform methanol (4:1) mixed solution for 2 to 3 times, combine the washing solution with the filtrate, evaporate it to dryness, add chloroform to dissolve the residue, transfer it to a 25ml volumetric flask, add chloroform to the scale, and shake it well. Accurately measure 2ml, put it into a 25ml measuring bottle, and according to the method under the preparation of the standard curve, measure the absorbance according to the law from "each accurately add 5ml of 0.2mol/l potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer", read the weight (mg) of peimine B in the test solution from the standard curve, and calculate.
      This product is calculated as dry product, and the total alkaloid content is calculated as peimine B (c27h43no3), which shall not be less than 0.050%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities and mash them in time.
      [character], [identification], [inspection], [extract], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, sweet and slightly cold. Return to lung and heart meridian.
      [functions and indications] clearing heat and moistening lung, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. For lung heat dry cough, dry cough with less phlegm, yin deficiency and cough, expectoration with blood.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 9g; powder, 1 ～ 2G at a time.
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      [storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.


2、 Chemical constituents of Fritillaria ussuriensis
The bulb contains sipeimine-3 β - D-glucoside,Peimucin（peimisine），Imperialine（sipeimine），Pinpeine a（pingbeimine A）， Pingbeimine B, pingbeimine C and pingbeimine glucoside. Stem and leaves contain peimuxine,Pinpeine a, pingbeidinoside, and 24 α - hydroxydiosgenin-3-o - α -rhamnopyranosyl- (1 → 2) β - d-glucopyranoside. Flower containsPeimucin、Peimine B（peiminine）。 The whole herb contains ussuriendine, ussuriendinone, ussurienine, ussurienone, pingbeinone and beilonine.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Fritillaria ussuriensis
1. anti ulcer effect the subcutaneous injection of total alkaloids of Fritillaria ussuriensis 3mg/100g and 1.5mg/100g in rats has certain inhibitory effects on pylorus ligation ulcer, and the intraperitoneal injection has certain inhibitory effects on indomethacin ulcer and stress ulcer. These effects may be related to the inhibition of pepsin activity. 2. other effects the extract of Fritillaria ussuriensis has central inhibitory effect on experimental animals. . 3. the LD50 of total alkaloids of toxic Fritillaria ussuriensis for intravenous injection in mice is 84.2mg/kg; The LD50 of intraperitoneal injection was 148.4mg/kg. Subacute toxicity test showed that each mouse was subcutaneously injected with 0.3mg and 0.15mg of total alkaloids of Fritillaria ussuriensis once a day for 3 weeks, which had no effect on blood picture, liver function, kidney function, heart, liver, spleen and kidney.