Akebia
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Akebia manshuriensis       This product is the dried stem of Akebia quinata (thunb.) decne., Akebia trifoliata (thunb.) koidz., or Akebia trifoliata (thunb.) koidz. var. australis (Diels) rehd., a plant of the family Akebia. Harvest in autumn, cut the stems, remove the twigs, and dry in the shade.
      [properties] this product is cylindrical, often slightly twisted, 30 ~ 70cm long, 0.5 ~ 2cm in diameter. The surface is grayish brown to grayish brown, and the skin is rough with many irregular cracks or longitudinal grooves, with protruding lenticels. . It is light, solid, not easy to break, irregular section, thick skin, yellowish brown, light yellow granular dots can be seen, the wood is yellowish white, the rays are arranged radially, the pulp is small or sometimes hollow, yellowish white or yellowish brown. It is slightly bitter and astringent.
      . The spar containing cells are square or rectangular, and the cell cavity contains 1 to several prisms. The sheath fibers of the middle column are slender and fusiform, with a diameter of 10-40 μ M. the cell cavity contains dense small prisms, and crystal containing cells are often seen around it. The wood fiber is long fusiform, with a diameter of 8-28 μ m, thickened wall, and fissure like single pits or small marginal pits. The ducts with marginal pits are 20 ～ 110 (220) μ m in diameter, and the pits are oval, oval or hexagonal.
      (2) . In addition, take the reference substance of paeoniflorin B from Akebia manshurica and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform methanol water (30:10:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 2% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      ; Not more than 10.0% (general rule 0832 second method >.
      Total ash   Not more than 6.5% (general rule 2302).
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water phosphoric acid solution (35:65:0.5) was used as the mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 330nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the peak of Akebia sonchifolia B.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of Akebia manshuriensis phenylethanolic glycoside B reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 40 μ g per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.5g of this product powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of 70% methanol precisely, weigh it, heat and reflux for 45 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, use 70% methanol to make up the lost weight, shake it well, filter it, take 4ml of the secondary filtrate, place it in a 10ml volumetric flask, add 70% methanol to the scale, shake it well, filter it, and take the secondary filtrate.
      Assay   Precisely suck 5 μ l of the reference solution and 5 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dried product, the content of Akebia manshuriensis phenylethanolic glycoside B (c23h26o11) shall not be less than 0.15%.
      Decoction pieces
      .
      This product is in round, oval or irregular shape. The outer skin is grayish brown or grayish brown. The section rays are arranged radially, and the pulp is small or sometimes hollow. .
      [identification] [inspection] (moisture) is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold. .
      [functions and indications] diuresis and gonorrhea, heart clearing and trouble removing, menstruation and lactation. It is used for gonorrhea, edema, upset and red urine, sore mouth and tongue, less menstruation and breast closure, and damp heat arthralgia.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 6G.
      .


2、 Chemical constituents of Akebia fordii
Akebia Caulis containsBetulin（betulin），oleanolic acid （oleanolic acid），Ivy saponin（hederagein），Ivy saponin C. In addition, there areStigmasterol(stigmasterol)，β - sitosterol（β-sitosterol），Carotene（daucosterol）， Inositol, sucrose and potassium salt. The flowers contain cyanidin-3-xyloglucoside, cyanidin-p-coumaroyl-glucoside, cyanidin-3-p-coumaroyl-glucoside, cyanidin-3-p-coumaroyl-xylo-glucoside, etc. After tissue culture, the plant cells of Akebia manshuriensis were divided into three groups: quinitic acid, 3 β - hydroxy-30-norolean-12, 20 (29) - dien-28-oic acid, 3 β - hydroxy-30-norolean-12, 20 (29) - dien-28-oic acid, 3-table-30-norolean-12, 20 (29) - dien-28-oic acid, 3 β - hydroxy-29 (or 30) aldehyde-12-olean-28-oic acid,acid [3 β - hydroxy-29 (or 30) - al-olean-12-en-28-oic], betulinic acid acid）， 30 norhederagenin-3-o - β - glucosylarabinoside, 30 norhederagenin-3-o - β -gluco (1 → 3) - a-l-arabinopyranoside, 30 norhederagenin-3-o - β - D-xylo (1 → 2) - a-l-arabinopyranoside, 30 noroleanolic acid 3-O - β - d-xyl.The main components of the compound are as follows:the main components of the compound are as follows:the main components of the compound are as follows:the main components of the compound are as follows:the main components of the compound are as follows:the main components of the compound are as follows:the main components of the compound are as follows:the main components of the compound are as follows:the main components of the compound are: 30 norhederagenin-3-o - β - D, 3-o-acetyl-mesenbryanthe-moidigenic acid, 3-o-acetyl-mesenbryan-themoidigenic acid, 3-o-acetyl-3-epi-30-terpenoid acid, 3-o-acetyl-30-terpenoid acid, 3-o-acetyl-30-terpenoid acid andOleanolic acid（oleanonic acid）。

3、 Pharmacological action of Akebia manshuriensis
1. diuretic effect: under the condition of closely controlling the amount of water, rabbits can take tincture (evaporate alcohol, add water, dilute and filter) 0.5g/kg daily for five days, which has a very significant diuretic effect, while ash has no diuretic effect, indicating that its diuresis is not mainly due to potassium salt, but other effective ingredients. The diuretic effect also appeared in rabbits after oral or intravenous injection of the decoction.
2. antibacterial effect: according to the preliminary in vitro test results, the water extract or Decoction of Akebia manshuriensis has different degrees of inhibitory effect on a variety of pathogenic fungi. The saponin extracted from the same genus plant akebialongeracemosamatsum (produced in Taiwan Province and Japan in China) has diuretic effect on rats and mice; It also has some inhibitory effects on experimental arthritis in rats. It can prolong the sleep time of mice caused by cyclohexbarbital sodium, and has a certain analgesic effect. Low concentration has no obvious effect on isolated intestine and atrium of rabbits, while high concentration makes intestine contract and atrium inhibit. It has a contractile effect on isolated rabbit ear blood vessels, with little oral toxicity, while it has a certain toxicity when administered by injection.