Smilax China L
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Smilax China L       This product is the dried rhizome of Smilax China L., a Liliaceae plant. From late autumn to the next spring, dig, remove fibrous roots, wash, dry or slice while fresh, and dry.
      [properties] the product is irregular block or curved flat column, with nodular bulge, 10-20cm long and 2-4cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish brown or purplish brown, with cone-shaped protuberant stem base marks, and hard spiny fibrous root residues or fine roots remain. The texture is hard and hard to break. The section is brownish yellow or reddish brown, fibrous, and punctate vascular bundles and most small bright spots can be seen. ; It is hard and dust flies when it is broken. It is slightly bitter and astringent.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is reddish brown. The starch granules are mostly single, quasi circular, 5-30 μ m in diameter, umbilical punctate, crack like or bird like. The stone cells are scattered individually or in groups, light yellow or reddish brown, quasi round, long oval, quasi square or irregular, with obvious branched pore grooves, small cell cavity, oval pits, and some cell cavities contain reddish brown substances. Fibers are easy to see, in bundles or scattered, light yellow or dark brown. Calcium oxalate needle crystals are scattered, and occasionally exist in bundles in mucus cells, with a length of 75-140 μ M.
      (2) Take 5g of this product powder, add 50ml of ethanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, add 5ml of hydrochloric acid to the filtrate, heat and reflux for 2 hours, cool it, adjust it to neutral with 40% sodium hydroxide solution, evaporate it to no alcohol taste, heat 40ml of water to dissolve the residue, use dichloromethane to shake and extract twice (40ml, 30ml), combine the extraction solution, evaporate to dryness, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. . According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use cyclohexane ethyl acetate (4:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      (3) Take 1g of the product powder, add 5ml hydrochloric acid and 25ml methanol, heat it in a water bath and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, filter it, take 2ml of the filtrate, evaporate it to dryness, add 1ml methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 1g of Smilax China L reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use toluene ethyl acetate formic acid (5:5:0.2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, heat at 105 ℃ for about 5 minutes, and then spray 1% ferric chloride-1% potassium ferricyanide (1:1) mixed solution (newly prepared, mixed before use). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
      [check] moisture   .
      Total ash   Not more than 3.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), 60% ethanol shall be used as solvent, which shall not be less than 15.0%.
      Decoction pieces
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      This product is irregular. . The section is brownish yellow or reddish brown, fibrous, and punctate vascular bundles can be seen. It is hard and dust flies when it is broken. It is slightly bitter and astringent.
      [identification], [inspection], [extract], [content determination], [1] are the same as that of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, slightly bitter, astringent and flat. Return to liver and kidney channels.
      [functions and indications] remove dampness and turbidity, remove wind and arthralgia, detoxify and disperse blood stasis. It is used for urine drenching, excessive discharge, rheumatism arthralgia, prickly sores and carbuncle.
      [usage and dosage] 10 ～ 15g.
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2、
The root contains smilaxin, isoengeletin,oleanolic acid （oleanolic acid），Kaempferol（kaempferide）， Dihydrokaempferide,β - sitosterol,DioscinProsapogenin a of dioscin,Dioscin（dioscin），Slender dioscin（gracillin），Methylprotoslender dioscin（methylprotogracillin），methyl protodioscin (methylprotodioscin) et al. Neogenin-3-o - α - l-rhamnopyranosyl - (1 → 6) - β - d-glucopyranoside, neogenin-3-o - α - l-rhamnopyranosyl - (1 → 6) - β - d-glucopyranoside, neogenin-3-o - β - d-glucopyranoside - (1 → 4) - O - [α - l-rhamnopyranose - (1 → 6)] - β - d-glucopyranoside

3、 Pharmacological effects of Smilax China L
1. diuretic and detoxifying effects: the decoction has no diuretic effect on acute diuretic test in dogs, nor on acute mercury poisoning rats, but it can slightly increase the amount of mercury excretion in urine, and has no obvious effect on the function of reticuloendothelial system in normal rabbits and rabbits with acute mercury poisoning.
2. anti Trypanosoma effect: the decoction of 25% and 50% can temporarily inhibit the reproduction of Trypanosoma equi, delay the death time of mice, but can not clear the Trypanosoma in the blood, so that the mice can be cured. . The former has increased efficacy and reduced side effects when combined with purslane. It has antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli in test tubes. Smilax China L. Decoction at 6% concentration and alcohol extract at 3% concentration had bacteriostatic effect on Bacillus anthracis by plate test.