mustard
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of mustard       This product is the dried and mature seeds of Sinapis alba L. or Brassica juncea (L.) czern. et coss., a cruciferous plant. The former is often called "White Mustard", while the latter is often called "Yellow Mustard". At the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, when the fruit is mature, the plants are harvested, dried in the sun, and the seeds are planted to remove impurities.
      [character]   . The seed coat is thin and brittle, and there are white folded cotyledons inside after breaking, which are oily. It has slight air and spicy taste.
      . After being ground and soaked with water, it will produce a pungent special odor.
      [identification] (1) cross section of this product: the seed coat epidermis of white mustard is mucinous cells with mucinous texture; The lower cortex is composed of 2 rows of pachytene cells; There was 1 row of grid cells with thickened inner and lateral walls and thin outer walls. Endosperm is a row of square like cells with vague powder grains. .
      The epidermal cells of seed coat of yellow mustard were elongated tangentially; .
      (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 50ml of methanol, sonicate for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 5ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. In addition, take sinapine thiocyanate reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5-10 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use ethyl acetate acetone formic acid water (3.5:5:1:0.5) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and spray with dilute bismuth potassium iodide test solution. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample^
      [check]   Moisture   .
      Total ash   Not more than 6.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract]   It shall be determined according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), and shall not be less than 12.0%.
      [content determination]   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.08mol/l potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (10:90); The detection wavelength was 326mn. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 based on sinapine peak.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of sinapine thiocyanate reference substance, accurately weigh it, add mobile phase to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 1g of the fine powder of this product, accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of methanol, sonicate for 20 minutes (power 250W, frequency 20KHz), filter it, extract the filtered residue with methanol for three times, and combine the filtrates. Recover the solvent to dryness under reduced pressure, dissolve the residue with mobile phase, transfer it to a 50ml volumetric flask, dilute it with mobile phase to the scale, shake it well, filter it, and take the continuous filtrate.
      ; .
      This product is calculated as a dry product, and the content of sinapine shall not be less than 0.50% based on sinapine thiocyanate (c16h24no5 · SCN).
        Decoction pieces
      [processing]   Mustard removes impurities. Mash when needed.
      [character], [identification], [inspection], [content determination]   Same as medicinal materials.
      Stir fry mustard, take out the mustard, stir fry it according to the clear frying method (general rule 0213) until it is light yellow to dark yellow (stir fry white mustard) or dark yellow to brown (stir fry yellow mustard), with spicy smell. Mash when needed.
      This product is shaped like mustard, and its surface is light yellow to dark yellow (fried white mustard) or dark yellow to brown (fried yellow mustard), with occasional scorched spots. It smells spicy.
      [check]   Moisture   No more than 8.0% for the same medicinal materials.
      [content determination]   The content of sinapine in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 0.40% based on sinapine thiocyanate (c16h24no5 · SCN).
      ; Same as medicinal materials.
      [sexual ambiguity and tropism]   Xin, Wen. Return to lung meridian.
      ; . It is used for cold phlegm cough, chest pain, phlegm stagnation in meridians, joint numbness, pain, phlegm damp flow, Yin gangrene, swelling and toxin.
      [usage and dosage]   3-9g. Suitable for external use.
      [storage]   Place in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moisture.

2、 Chemical constituents of mustard
The seeds contain glucosinolates, among whichMyrosideSinigrin accounts for 90%, gluconapin, 4-hydroxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate, glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, and progoitrin. It also contains a small amount of myrosin,Sinapic acid(sinapic acid) andSinapine. It also contains about 30% - 37% fatty oil, mainly glycerides of erucic acid and arachidic acid, and a small amount of glycerides of linolenic acid.

3、 Pharmacological effects of mustard
1. irritant effect: mustard seed contains black mustard glucoside, which has no irritant effect, but after encountering water, it generates volatile oil through the action of mustard enzyme. The main component is allyl isothiocyanate, which has pungent and pungent taste and irritant effect. When applied to the skin, it has a warm feeling and makes it red, and even causes blisters and pustules. Mustard powder is usually made into mustard paste after removing the fatty oil, which is used as an anti irritant (irritant drugs are used locally on the skin, and their effects are not limited to the application site, but also involve other parts. When they produce therapeutic effects, they are called anti irritant effects), and they are used to treat neuralgia, rheumatic pain, pleurisy, sprain, etc. Before use, moisten it with mild water to strengthen the effect of myrosinase (boiling water inhibits the effect of myrosinase). The application time shall not exceed 15-30 minutes, and only 5-10 minutes for those with sensitive skin. . A small amount can stimulate the gastric mucosa to increase the secretion of gastric juice and pancreatic juice, and sometimes relieve intractable hiccup. .
2. others: guinea pigs fed mustard plants can inhibit thyroid uptake and increase scn- in serum. However, no relationship between the content of scn- in food and the inhibition of intake was found. It has also been reported that long-term feeding of mustard plants to animals can make their thyroid enlargement, which may be caused by the secretion of excessive thyroid stimulating hormone. . Orally, it can be used as an irritant expectorant and to treat abdominal pain. Excess can cause gastrointestinal inflammation.