Privet seed
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Ligustrum lucidum This product is the dried and mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum ait., a plant in the Oleaceae family. ; Or direct drying. [properties] this product is oval, oval or kidney shaped, 6-8.5mm long and 3.5-5.5mm in diameter. Its surface is black purple or gray black, wrinkled, and has fruit stem marks or persistent calyx and short stem at the base. Light body. The exocarp is thin, the mesocarp is soft and easy to peel, and the endocarp is woody, yellowish brown, with longitudinal edges. After breaking, the seed is usually 1, kidney shaped, purple black, oily. It tastes sweet and bitter. [identification] (1) the powder of this product is gray brown or black gray. The pericarp epidermal cells (exocarp) are slightly oblate in cross-section, and the outer wall and lateral wall are thickened in a circular arch, with yellowish brown objects in the cavity. . Seed coat cells scattered with quasi round secretory cells, light brown, 40-88 μ m in diameter, containing yellowish brown secretions and oil droplets. (2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 20ml of trichloromethane, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. In addition, take oleanolic acid reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 4 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform methanol formic acid (40:1:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heat at 110 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample. . The moisture content shall not exceed 8.0% (the second method of general rule 0832). The total ash content shall not exceed 5.5% (general rule 2302). [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), 30% ethanol shall be used as solvent, which shall not be less than 25.0%. [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512). Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; ; The detection wavelength was 224nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 4000 according to the ligustrin peak. Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of ligustrin reference, weigh accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.25mg per 1ml. Preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of the powder (passing through No. 3 screen), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 50ml of dilute ethanol, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with dilute ethanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate. The determination method is to precisely suck 5 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine. The content of ligustrin (c31h42o17) in this product shall not be less than 0.70% based on the dry product. . [character], [identification], [inspection] (moisture and total ash) [extract] [content determination] are the same as that of medicinal materials. Wine Ligustrum lucidum, take Ligustrum lucidum, stew according to the wine stewing method or wine steaming method (general rule 0213) until the wine is completely absorbed or steamed. This product is shaped like a chaste daughter, with a dark brown or gray black surface and often white powder. It has a slight wine aroma. . [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, bitter and cool. Return to liver and kidney channels. [functions and indications] nourishing liver and kidney, brightening eyes and dark hair. It is used for liver and kidney yin deficiency, dizziness and tinnitus, waist and knee soreness, early white hair, dark eyes, internal heat and thirst, bone steaming and hot flushes. [usage and dosage] 6 ～ 12g. [storage] put it in a dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi
    Ligustrum lucidum fruit containsoleanolic acid （Oleanolic acid）、mannitol, glucosepalmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid. Peel containsUrsolic acid（Ursolic acid）、oleanolic acid , acetyloleanolic acid. The seed contains 14.9% fatty oil, andpalmitic acidAnd stearic acid was 19.5%, oleic acid and linolenic acid were 80.5%. Ligustrum lucidum still contained trace elements such as copper, zinc, iron, manganese


3、 Pharmacological effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi
1. Reduce blood lipids and anti arteriosclerosis
2. Hypoglycemia
3. Anti liver injury
4. Impact on immune function
  ⑴ impact on non-specific immunity
    ① Increasing the number of peripheral white blood cells can significantly increase the number of peripheral white blood cells. Its effective component is oleanolic acid.
    ② Effect on phagocytic function of reticuloendothelial system macrophage viability was observed by the clearance rate of foreign bodies in the blood. It was found that Ig steaming of semen Polygonati 240mg/kgx5d could significantly increase the clearance index of IV carbon particles in mice and enhance the activity of reticuloendothelial system; Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 480mg/kg, the effect was not obvious.
  ⑵ impact on specific immunity
    ① Effect on cellular immune function Ligustrum lucidum can significantly improve T lymphocyte function.
    ② Effect on humoral immune function Ligustrum lucidum has the effect of enhancing humoral immune function.
  ⑶ inhibitory effect on allergic reaction Ligustrum lucidum Decoction 12.5, 25g/kgig mice for 7 days; the same dose of 5dig rats, different doses of Ligustrum lucidum on mice or rats showed obvious inhibitory effect on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA).
5. Anti inflammatory effect
  ① ;
  ② Inhibit the synthesis or release of PGE.
⒍ anti cancer and anti mutation. Oleanolic acid has antitumor effect on sarcoma-180 in mice.
Effect of ⒎ on endocrine system
  Studies have shown that there are both estrogen like and androgen like substances in Ligustrum lucidum. By radioimmunoassay, Ligustrum lucidum contains 428.31pg/g testosterone and 139.02pg/g estradiol. It is proved that Ligustrum lucidum has both testosterone like and estradiol like hormone analogues, that is, the same drug has a bidirectional regulatory effect.
8. Impact on hematopoietic system. .
9. protective effect on chromosome damage caused by cyclophosphamide.
⒑ anti HPD photochlorination Ligustrum lucidum can resist the photooxidation of HPD, and the in vivo application can significantly reduce the skin photosensitization reaction of HPD to mice.
⒒ other functions
  ; Diuretic, antitussive, laxative, antibacterial and other effects. Oleanolic acid has some cardiotonic and diuretic effects; Mannitol has a slow down effect; It also contains a large amount of glucose; These may be related to its strong effect.