Musk has always been a widely used aromatic and appetizing spice with a rich aroma. Natural musk is often used as perfume or medicine. Muscone is the main active component of musk. With the study on the activity of Muscone, it is found that Muscone has the effect of treating cerebral ischemia, encephalitis and other encephalopathy. It is worthy of its fragrant and enlightening effect.
Modern studies believe that excitatory ischemia amino acids play a key role in acute neuronal injury caused by hypoxia, ischemia, persistent epilepsy, brain injury and so on. Under physiological conditions, excitatory ischemia amino acids participate in synaptic transmission, synaptic connections and functional changes during development of the central nervous system. The concentration of extracellular excitatory ischemia amino acids is controlled by the high uptake system of neurons and glial cells, and will not accumulate to the concentration causing neuronal damage. During cerebral ischemia, a large number of excitatory ischemic amino acids accumulate in extracellular fluid, resulting in two main processes of neurotoxicity: first, during cerebral ischemia, the AMPA receptor channel is activated to open, resulting in the depletion of intracellular energy and ATP, the increase of extracellular potassium ion concentration, leading to the depolarization of cell membrane, the accumulation of sodium ions in cells, and the influx of cl- and H2O into cells, resulting in an acute process characterized by neuronal edema; Second, by activating excitatory ischemic amino acid receptors, directly or indirectly start voltage dependent and NMDA receptor related calcium channels, a large amount of calcium ion influx, thus mediating a series of calcium dependent biochemical reactions in cells, causing DNA, protein, phospholipid degradation, oxygen free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy depletion, leading to gradual degeneration and necrosis of neurons. Therefore, in the early stage of ischemia, it is important to control the release of excitatory ischemic amino acids in time and prevent the influx of calcium ions.
Through animal experiments, it was found that the high, medium and low dose of Muscone could improve the neurobehavior of rats with complete cerebral ischemia. Muscone can significantly enhance the content of SOD and reduce the content of MDA in rat brain tissue. It can alleviate the pathological changes of brain tissue in the model of focal cerebral ischemia, and reduce the content of glutamic acid and aspartic acid in rat brain tissue to varying degrees. After administration of Muscone to problem rats, it can reduce the oxidative stress damage to brain tissue caused by cerebral ischemia, delay the neuronal death effect, inhibit the excitatory neurotoxicity caused by excitatory ischemic amino acids, block the pathway of neuronal damage, and thus play a protective role against cerebral ischemia.
We can believe that withMusconeWith the development of more pharmacokinetics research, it will have a good development prospect for the practical application of Muscone in the treatment of cerebral ischemia and other encephalopathy.