Ginkgo, also known as ginkgo, is the oldest relic plant among the existing seed plants and is known as the "giant panda" in the plant world. Ginkgo biloba, as a unique tree species in China, has pharmacological effects and can be used as a natural health food. Long term consumption can delay aging and prolong life. The components of Ginkgo biloba leaves are complex. Up to now, there are more than 160 known chemical components of Ginkgo biloba leaves, mainly including flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, ginkgo alcohol, etc. Clinical application of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Ginkgo fruit and leaf extracts also have beauty effects and can be used to prepare beauty products. At present, there are more than 50 kinds of skin care and hair care products prepared with them in the market. Ginkgolic acid is a bioactive chemical component of forest coat Chinese medicine in Ginkgo biloba leaves. It exists in Ginkgo biloba leaves, fruits and outer seed coat, and the content in outer seed coat is the highest. Ginkgolic acid has the following physiological activities.
1. Antitumor and antiviral
Ginkgolic acid can obviously induce tumor apoptosis and inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Studies have shown that ginkgolic acid can significantly inhibit the growth of human lung cancer ltep-a-2 cells and leukemia U937 cells. In addition, some studies have proved that ginkgolic acid can inhibit the growth of human lung cancer cells, human breast cancer cells, human colon adenocarcinoma cells, human bladder cancer cells and human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells to varying degrees. The latest research shows that ginkgolic acid has a significant inhibitory effect on HIV.
2. Bacteriostasis and sterilization
Gingko acids have strong bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects, and have inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, yeast, Staphylococcus aureus, dysentery bacilli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.
3. Anti inflammatory and anti allergic effects
It was found that ginkgolic acid has similar anti allergic effect to dexamethasone, and the integrity of carboxyl group in ginkgolic acid structure is related to the degree of anti allergic reaction.
4. Antioxidation
Ginkgolic acid can effectively inhibit the activities of hyaluronidase and tyrosinase, with an inhibition rate of 96.4% and a free radical scavenging rate of 86.5%. Ginkgolic acid has the function of antioxidation and scavenging free radicals. It will have the effect of maintaining skin elasticity and whitening when used in daily chemical products.
5、Ginkgolic acid c17-1Effects on tyrosinase and melanoma cells
Ginkgolic acid can inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and has a strong competitive reversible inhibition on tyrosinase bisphenol enzyme. Low concentration ginkgolic acid has no obvious killing effect on melanocytes and can significantly reduce the expression of melanin in cells. It is a good tyrosinase inhibitor.
At present, the development of Ginkgo biloba in China focuses on the study of Ginkgo biloba leaves, while the study of Ginkgo biloba testa is less. In the study of active components, it often focuses on flavonoids and lipids and does not pay enough attention to phenolic acid components. Over the years, scientific researchers have studied the chemical components and pharmacology and toxicology of Ginkgo biloba outer seed coat. People gradually realize the utilization value of Ginkgo biloba outer seed coat and its acidic components, which undoubtedly broadens the thinking for the research and development of anti-tumor drugs, cosmetics and new pesticides. This can not only make full use of the abundant ginkgo resources in China, but also greatly reduce the environmental pollution caused by ginkgo seed coat.