Diabetes is a major metabolic disease that endangers human health. Diabetes is a systemic chronic secretory metabolic disease related to genetic factors. It is the metabolic disorder of sugar, fat and protein caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin in the body. With the extension of the duration of diabetes, if the metabolic disorder in the body is not well controlled, it can lead to chronic complications such as retinopathy, hypertension, kidney disease, coronary heart disease, lower extremity vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, neuropathy, and eventually blindness, lower extremity gangrene, uremia, stroke or myocardial infarction, and even life-threatening. The research of anti hyperglycemic drugs has always been an important topic in the field of drug research and development. In recent years, it has been found that protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play a key role in the occurrence and development of human health and diseases. Among them, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is related to type II diabetes mellitus. It is a negative regulatory insulin factor and a potential target for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. It was found that anoectoside in Anoectochilus roxburghii has obvious hypoglycemic activity.
Anoectochilus roxburghii, also known as money orchid, golden silk grass, tree grass lotus, etc., is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Cleopatra of Orchidaceae. Anoectochilus roxburghii, as the "king of all herbs", has high medicinal value. Some experts believe that in a sense, the use value of Cordyceps sinensis and ginseng is far less than that of Anoectochilus roxburghii. They are rare folk medicinal materials in China. They have the effects of clearing heat and cooling blood, expelling wind and dampness, strengthening heart and diuresis, calming the liver, and mainly treat nephritis, pneumonia, diabetes, rheumatism and other diseases. It is known as the "king of medicine", "golden herb", "divine medicine", "black ginseng" and so on. Animal experiments show that anoectoside indeed has significant hypoglycemic activity. The screening results of PTP-1B inhibitory activity in vitro showed that anoectoside had a significant inhibitory effect on PTP-1B, showing a highly specific inhibition on PTP-1B. Clematis containsAnoectosideAnd other active ingredients, which have the pharmacological activity of repairing damaged islet cells and restoring normal insulin secretion. Chinese patent medicines with Anoectochilus as the main raw material, such as compound Anoectochilus capsules, have been used in the clinical treatment of diabetes. Carrying out the research on the evaluation of Anoectochilus roxburghii germplasm resources is conducive to exploring and utilizing the excellent genetic characters of Anoectochilus roxburghii and promoting the breeding and improvement of Anoectochilus roxburghii varieties.