Fenugreek,   trigonella  foenum graecum is an annual herb of fenugreek in Leguminosae, which is widely distributed in Asia, Europe and Africa. Fenugreek seed is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its two main pharmacological effects are anti diabetes and cholesterol lowering. In recent years, it has been reported that   (2S, 3R, 4S) -4-hydroxyisoleucine can promote insulin secretion. L-4-hydroxyisoleucine is a new insulin secretion promoter, which can be used to treat type II diabetes. This promoting effect also explained the antidiabetic activity of fenugreek seeds.

    L-4-hydroxyisoleucine (l-4-hydroxyisoleucine) is a non protein amino acid in fenugreek. This amino acid mainly exists in fenugreek seeds, accounting for about 80% of the total free amino acids in the seeds.HydroxyisoleucineIt is an active component extracted from fenugreek seeds. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects, mainly including lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids, improving insulin resistance, etc. It mainly acts on the K channel of the B cell membrane of the islet of Langerhans to achieve the hypoglycemic effect. 4-hydroxyisoleucine has a good effect on improving insulin resistance, probably by regulating tace/timp3 to reduce the transformation from transmembrane tnf- α to secretory tnf- α, and finally achieve its dual effects of anti-inflammatory and improving insulin resistance. Its specific molecular mechanism will also be the focus of future research. The effect of 4-hydroxyisoleucine on insulin resistance provides a new idea for the clinical treatment of T2DM. As a traditional Chinese medicine ingredient, it is used to treat type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver and other diseases.